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Questions and Answers
What particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
What particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
Which of the following elements is NOT one of the six most abundant in living organisms?
Which of the following elements is NOT one of the six most abundant in living organisms?
How many electrons can the first electron shell hold at maximum?
How many electrons can the first electron shell hold at maximum?
What does the atomic number of an element represent?
What does the atomic number of an element represent?
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Why do atoms tend to react with other atoms?
Why do atoms tend to react with other atoms?
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In the Bohr model of the atom, what is illustrated?
In the Bohr model of the atom, what is illustrated?
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What must an oxygen atom contain to have a neutral charge?
What must an oxygen atom contain to have a neutral charge?
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What is the mass number of an atom defined as?
What is the mass number of an atom defined as?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter, consisting of a dense nucleus surrounded by electrons
- The nucleus contains positively charged protons and neutrally charged neutrons
- Electrons have a negligible mass and a negative charge
- The number of protons defines the element (atomic number)
- The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons
- Atoms are electrically neutral, meaning the number of electrons equals the number of protons
Electron Shells
- Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels called electron shells
- The first shell can hold up to 2 electrons
- Subsequent shells can hold up to 8 electrons
- Atoms with unfilled outer shells tend to react to fill those shells, either by sharing electrons or gaining/losing them
Octet Rule
- Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable outer shell with 8 electrons (octet rule)
- This rule is important for chemical bonding and reactivity
Elements in Living Organisms
- Six elements comprise approximately 98% of living organisms: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur
- These elements are vital for biological processes and are found in various molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids
Atomic Number and Mass Number
- Atomic number identifies an element based on the number of protons
- Mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Chemical Reactivity
- Reactivity of atoms depends on the number of electrons in their outermost shell
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts of atomic structure, including the composition of atoms, electron shells, and the octet rule. Test your understanding of how atoms behave and interact to achieve stability in relation to their electron configurations.
