Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element?
What is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element?
atom
What is a positively charged subatomic particle?
What is a positively charged subatomic particle?
proton
What is a negatively charged subatomic particle?
What is a negatively charged subatomic particle?
electron
What is a subatomic particle with no charge?
What is a subatomic particle with no charge?
What is the central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons?
What is the central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons?
The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element is a(n) ____.
The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element is a(n) ____.
Dalton's atomic theory included which idea?
Dalton's atomic theory included which idea?
All atoms are ____.
All atoms are ____.
The particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom are ____.
The particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom are ____.
The atomic number of an element is the total number of which particles in the nucleus?
The atomic number of an element is the total number of which particles in the nucleus?
All atoms of the same element have the same ____.
All atoms of the same element have the same ____.
How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does an atom with atomic number 50 and mass number 125 contain?
How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does an atom with atomic number 50 and mass number 125 contain?
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
The principal quantum number indicates what property of an electron?
The principal quantum number indicates what property of an electron?
What is the shape of the 3p atomic orbital?
What is the shape of the 3p atomic orbital?
What is the maximum number of orbitals in the p sublevel?
What is the maximum number of orbitals in the p sublevel?
List the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in carbon-13.
List the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in carbon-13.
Write the electron configuration for chromium.
Write the electron configuration for chromium.
Determine the number of protons in an atom of barium using the periodic table.
Determine the number of protons in an atom of barium using the periodic table.
What observations by Rutherford led to his hypothesis about atomic structure?
What observations by Rutherford led to his hypothesis about atomic structure?
Explain how the atoms of one element differ from those of another element.
Explain how the atoms of one element differ from those of another element.
In what way are two isotopes of the same element different?
In what way are two isotopes of the same element different?
What does the average atomic mass of an element depend upon?
What does the average atomic mass of an element depend upon?
The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom equals the ____.
The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom equals the ____.
Who was the man who suggested the idea of atoms that lived from 460 B.C. to 370 B.C.?
Who was the man who suggested the idea of atoms that lived from 460 B.C. to 370 B.C.?
Who discovered the electron?
Who discovered the electron?
Who discovered the neutron?
Who discovered the neutron?
Who discovered the proton?
Who discovered the proton?
What is the plum pudding model?
What is the plum pudding model?
Who is Ernest Rutherford?
Who is Ernest Rutherford?
Dalton's theory essentially agreed with the present atomic theory EXCEPT for the statement that
Dalton's theory essentially agreed with the present atomic theory EXCEPT for the statement that
Which of the following statements is true?
Which of the following statements is true?
Which concept in Dalton's atomic theory has been modified?
Which concept in Dalton's atomic theory has been modified?
Isotopes of each element differ in ____.
Isotopes of each element differ in ____.
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains its properties.
- Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus.
- Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles located in orbitals around the nucleus.
- Neutrons are neutral particles, also found within the nucleus.
Nucleus
- The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, and it is the central part of the atom.
- The atomic number indicates the total number of protons in the nucleus.
Dalton's Atomic Theory
- Dalton proposed that atoms of the same element are identical, but this idea has been modified; atoms can have different masses (isotopes).
- Atoms of different elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds.
Charge and Neutrality
- Atoms are generally neutral, possessing equal numbers of protons and electrons.
Isotopes
- Isotopes of the same element differ in their number of neutrons and consequently their mass numbers, while they exhibit similar chemical behavior due to having the same number of protons.
Electron Configuration
- The electron configuration for an atom specifies the distribution of electrons among orbitals.
- Chromium's electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁴.
Discoveries in Atomic Physics
- Democritus was one of the first to propose the concept of atoms.
- J.J. Thomson discovered the electron and proposed the plum pudding model of the atom.
- Ernest Rutherford conducted the gold-foil experiment, concluding that atoms are mostly empty space with a dense nucleus at their center.
- James Chadwick discovered the neutron.
Observations and Conclusions
- Rutherford's conclusions were based on observing that most alpha particles passed through the gold foil, suggesting a mostly empty atom.
- The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom equals the mass number.
Key Concepts
- The average atomic mass of an element depends on the mass and relative abundance of its isotopes.
- It is crucial to understand the modified aspects of atomic theory, such as the divisibility of atoms and the existence of isotopes.
- The maximum number of orbitals in the p sublevel is three, corresponding to its dumbbell-shaped atomic orbital.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
