Chemistry and Mathematics Quiz

For every input value, there is only one corresponding output value.

A function where each term consists of a base raised to an exponent, multiplied by a coefficient.

A function where the input variable appears as an exponent.

A function that passes the vertical line test, meaning no vertical line intersects the graph more than once.

A function where the graph passes the horizontal line test, meaning no horizontal line intersects the graph more than once.

The set of all possible input values for a function.

Combining two functions by applying one function to the output of another.

A function that reverses the input and output of another function.

A function with a graph that resembles a staircase, where different parts of the function are defined for specific intervals.

Dalton's atomic theory states that all matter is composed of atoms, which are indivisible and indestructible. These atoms of a specific element are identical to each other in mass and properties and they combine in whole-number ratios to form compounds.

Note that Dalton's theory does not include the existence of the nucleus with its protons and neutrons It only focuses on the idea that atoms are indivisible particles with specific properties that distinguish them from each other.

A characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical composition.

A change in the form or appearance of a substance, but not its chemical composition.

A change that results in the formation of new substances with different chemical compositions.

The amount of matter in an object or substance.

A property that describes how much space a substance takes up.

The ratio of the mass of oxygen atoms to the mass of hydrogen atoms in a molecule of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂).

A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element chemically bonded together. Common examples include hydrogen (H₂), oxygen (O₂), and nitrogen (N₂).

The number of atoms of each element in a chemical formula. For example, Al₂(CO₃)₃ has 2 aluminum atoms, 3 carbon atoms, and 9 oxygen atoms.

A subscript outside the parentheses tells you the number of times the entire group inside the parentheses should be repeated. For example, in the formula Al₂(CO₃)₃, the subscript '3' indicates that the entire (CO₃) group should be repeated three times.

The total number of atoms in a chemical formula. For example, Al₂(CO₃)₃ has 14 atoms in total (2 aluminum, 3 carbon, and 9 oxygen atoms).

A substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio. For example, water (H2O) is a compound composed of hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio.

A mixture where the components are evenly distributed throughout. For example, saltwater is a homogeneous mixture, as the salt is dissolved evenly in the water.

A mixture where the components are not evenly distributed. For example, sand and water form a heterogeneous mixture, as the sand particles are visible and settle to the bottom.

The mole (mol) is the SI unit for the amount of substance. It represents a specific number of particles, just like a dozen represents 12 items. One mole contains 6.022 x 10^23 particles (atoms, molecules, ions...).

Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23) represents the number of particles in one mole of any substance. This constant links the microscopic world of atoms and molecules to the macroscopic world of grams.

The molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). It's essentially the atomic mass of an element or the sum of atomic masses for a compound.

Converting between moles, mass, and number of particles requires using molar mass and Avogadro's number. This process involves applying dimensional analysis, which ensures units cancel out correctly.

A flow chart visually summarizes the relationships between mass, moles, and number of atoms/molecules. It helps to understand how to convert between these quantities.