Chemistry and Botany Concepts Quiz

Definition: The branch of science that studies the composition, structure, properties, and changes of matter.
Key Concepts:
- Atoms and Molecules: Basic units of matter; atoms combine to form molecules.
- Periodic Table: Organizes elements based on atomic number and properties.
- Chemical Reactions: Processes that lead to the transformation of substances (reactants to products).
  - Types: Synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, combustion.
- Acids and Bases:
  - Acids: Substances that donate protons (H+).
  - Bases: Substances that accept protons or donate hydroxide ions (OH-).
- Stoichiometry: The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

Definition: The scientific study of plants, including their structure, properties, and biochemical processes.
Key Concepts:
- Plant Structure:
  - Roots: Anchor the plant and absorb water/nutrients.
  - Stems: Support the plant and transport nutrients and water.
  - Leaves: Main site of photosynthesis.
- Photosynthesis: Process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose).
- Plant Classification:
  - Angiosperms: Flowering plants.
  - Gymnosperms: Non-flowering, seed-producing plants.
  - Ferns and Mosses: Non-seed vascular and non-vascular plants.
- Reproduction:
  - Sexual: Involves seeds and spores.
  - Asexual: Cloning through methods such as cutting or grafting.

Definition: The branch of biology that studies animals, their behavior, physiology, and classification.
Key Concepts:
- Animal Classification:
  - Invertebrates: Animals without a backbone (e.g., insects, mollusks).
  - Vertebrates: Animals with a backbone (e.g., mammals, birds, reptiles).
- Animal Physiology:
  - Study of bodily functions and processes (e.g., respiration, circulation, digestion).
- Behavior:
  - Instinctual: Innate behaviors that do not require learning.
  - Learned: Behaviors acquired through experience or interaction with the environment.
- Ecology: Study of animal interactions with their environment and ecosystems.
- Evolution: The process through which animal species change over time, driven by natural selection and genetic variation.

Definition: Studies the composition, structure, properties, and changes of matter.
Atoms and Molecules: Fundamental units of matter; atoms combine to create molecules.
Periodic Table: Organizes chemical elements based on atomic number and distinct properties.
Chemical Reactions: Transform substances from reactants to products, including:
- Synthesis
- Decomposition
- Single replacement
- Double replacement
- Combustion
Acids and Bases:
- Acids donate protons (H+).
- Bases accept protons or donate hydroxide ions (OH-).
Stoichiometry: Involves calculations of the amounts of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

Definition: The scientific study of plants, addressing their structures, properties, and biochemical processes.
Plant Structure:
- Roots: Anchor plants and absorb water/nutrients.
- Stems: Provide support and transport nutrients and water.
- Leaves: Primary site for photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis: Converts light energy into chemical energy (glucose) in plants.
Plant Classification:
- Angiosperms: Flowering plants.
- Gymnosperms: Non-flowering, seed-bearing plants.
- Ferns and Mosses: Non-seed vascular and non-vascular plants.
Reproduction:
- Sexual reproduction involves seeds and spores.
- Asexual reproduction includes methods like cutting or grafting.

Definition: A branch of biology focused on studying animals, their behaviors, physiological processes, and classifications.
Animal Classification:
- Invertebrates: Animals lacking a backbone, including insects and mollusks.
- Vertebrates: Animals possessing a backbone, such as mammals, birds, and reptiles.
Animal Physiology: Examines bodily functions and processes like respiration, circulation, and digestion.
Behavior:
- Instinctual: Behaviors that are innate and don't require learning.
- Learned: Behaviors developed through experience or environmental interaction.
Ecology: Investigates animal interactions with their environment and ecosystems.
Evolution: Describes how animal species adapt over time through natural selection and genetic variation.