Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common property of alkaloids?
What is a common property of alkaloids?
- They do not have definite melting points
- They do not contain a ring structure
- They are derived from synthetic sources only
- They are colorless, crystalline solids (correct)
Why are most alkaloids considered chiral molecules?
Why are most alkaloids considered chiral molecules?
- To have nonsuperimposable mirror images (correct)
- To decrease their physiological function
- To increase their solubility in water
- To reduce their chemical properties
What distinguishes free bases of alkaloids from alkaloidal salts in terms of solubility?
What distinguishes free bases of alkaloids from alkaloidal salts in terms of solubility?
- Alkaloidal salts are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents
- Both free bases and alkaloidal salts are insoluble in water
- Both free bases and alkaloidal salts are soluble in organic solvents
- Free bases are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents (correct)
How do some alkaloids deviate from the general characteristics described in the text?
How do some alkaloids deviate from the general characteristics described in the text?
Which amino acid is NOT listed as a precursor of true alkaloids in the text?
Which amino acid is NOT listed as a precursor of true alkaloids in the text?
What is responsible for the basic properties of alkaloids?
What is responsible for the basic properties of alkaloids?
What is the typical nitrogen atom composition in alkaloids?
What is the typical nitrogen atom composition in alkaloids?
Which alkaloid is mentioned as an example of a pseudoalkaloid in the text?
Which alkaloid is mentioned as an example of a pseudoalkaloid in the text?
In which category of alkaloids do mescaline and yohimbine belong according to the text?
In which category of alkaloids do mescaline and yohimbine belong according to the text?
How are alkaloids converted into salts?
How are alkaloids converted into salts?
Which statement best describes the solubility of strychnine hydrochloride?
Which statement best describes the solubility of strychnine hydrochloride?
What distinguishes quaternary ammonium compounds from amines in terms of chemical properties?
What distinguishes quaternary ammonium compounds from amines in terms of chemical properties?
What is the primary function of alkaloids in plants according to the text?
What is the primary function of alkaloids in plants according to the text?
Which term describes alkaloids that contain nitrogen in heterocyclic ring systems?
Which term describes alkaloids that contain nitrogen in heterocyclic ring systems?
What reagent is commonly used to precipitate alkaloids from neutral or slightly acid solutions?
What reagent is commonly used to precipitate alkaloids from neutral or slightly acid solutions?
What color does Dragendorff's reagent produce when precipitated with alkaloids?
What color does Dragendorff's reagent produce when precipitated with alkaloids?
Where does the N atom in protoalkaloids like mescaline come from?
Where does the N atom in protoalkaloids like mescaline come from?
How many organic groups are covalently bonded to the nitrogen in quaternary ammonium compounds?
How many organic groups are covalently bonded to the nitrogen in quaternary ammonium compounds?
Which reagents give precipitates with proteins in the extraction of reddish-brown alkaloids?
Which reagents give precipitates with proteins in the extraction of reddish-brown alkaloids?
How is caffeine, unlike most alkaloids, usually detected?
How is caffeine, unlike most alkaloids, usually detected?
What is the end result of exposing caffeine residue to ammonia vapor?
What is the end result of exposing caffeine residue to ammonia vapor?
Which amino acid does not have its COOH & NH2 groups on the same carbon atom?
Which amino acid does not have its COOH & NH2 groups on the same carbon atom?
What type of condensation occurs when a Schiff base reacts with a carbanion in alkaloid biosynthesis?
What type of condensation occurs when a Schiff base reacts with a carbanion in alkaloid biosynthesis?
Which major amino acid is involved in the biosynthesis of alkaloids and has the structure different from other amino acids?
Which major amino acid is involved in the biosynthesis of alkaloids and has the structure different from other amino acids?
What is the purpose of moistening the powdered material with alkaline substances in Method A of alkaloids extraction?
What is the purpose of moistening the powdered material with alkaline substances in Method A of alkaloids extraction?
What is the final step in Method A of alkaloids extraction after shaking the organic liquid with aqueous acid?
What is the final step in Method A of alkaloids extraction after shaking the organic liquid with aqueous acid?
Why are organic solvents like ether or petroleum spirit used in alkaloids extraction?
Why are organic solvents like ether or petroleum spirit used in alkaloids extraction?
What role do dilute acids play in Method B of alkaloids extraction?
What role do dilute acids play in Method B of alkaloids extraction?
Why are excess alkalis like sodium bicarbonate added in Method B of alkaloids extraction?
Why are excess alkalis like sodium bicarbonate added in Method B of alkaloids extraction?
In which method of alkaloids extraction is pigment removal specifically mentioned as a step?
In which method of alkaloids extraction is pigment removal specifically mentioned as a step?
What is a common property of alkaloids as described in the text?
What is a common property of alkaloids as described in the text?
How many nitrogen atoms can alkaloids like ergotamine contain?
How many nitrogen atoms can alkaloids like ergotamine contain?
What distinguishes free bases of alkaloids from alkaloidal salts in terms of solubility?
What distinguishes free bases of alkaloids from alkaloidal salts in terms of solubility?
Which statement about alkaloids is true?
Which statement about alkaloids is true?
How do alkalis like sodium bicarbonate play a role in Method B of alkaloids extraction?
How do alkalis like sodium bicarbonate play a role in Method B of alkaloids extraction?
What is the significance of alkaloids being chiral molecules?
What is the significance of alkaloids being chiral molecules?
What distinguishes protoalkaloids from true alkaloids based on the text?
What distinguishes protoalkaloids from true alkaloids based on the text?
Why are pseudoalkaloids considered different from true and protoalkaloids?
Why are pseudoalkaloids considered different from true and protoalkaloids?
What is the primary difference between typical alkaloids and atypical alkaloids according to the text?
What is the primary difference between typical alkaloids and atypical alkaloids according to the text?
Which function do alkaloids primarily serve in plants?
Which function do alkaloids primarily serve in plants?
What is a common characteristic shared by both true and pseudoalkaloids?
What is a common characteristic shared by both true and pseudoalkaloids?
Which compounds are examples of pseudoalkaloids according to the text?
Which compounds are examples of pseudoalkaloids according to the text?
What is a distinguishing feature of caffeine, in terms of precipitation, compared to most alkaloids?
What is a distinguishing feature of caffeine, in terms of precipitation, compared to most alkaloids?
What amino acid involved in alkaloids biosynthesis has its COOH & NH2 groups not on the same carbon atom?
What amino acid involved in alkaloids biosynthesis has its COOH & NH2 groups not on the same carbon atom?
Which reaction is NOT involved in the biosynthesis of alkaloids according to the text?
Which reaction is NOT involved in the biosynthesis of alkaloids according to the text?
What is the primary role of potassium chlorate in detecting caffeine?
What is the primary role of potassium chlorate in detecting caffeine?
Which amino acid is NOT specifically mentioned as being involved in the biosynthesis of alkaloids?
Which amino acid is NOT specifically mentioned as being involved in the biosynthesis of alkaloids?
What distinguishes reddish-brown alkaloids when extracted using Wagner's and Dragendorff's reagents?
What distinguishes reddish-brown alkaloids when extracted using Wagner's and Dragendorff's reagents?
What type of compounds are quaternary ammonium compounds such as tubocurarine chloride or muscarine chloride?
What type of compounds are quaternary ammonium compounds such as tubocurarine chloride or muscarine chloride?
Which reagent is NOT commonly used for precipitating alkaloids from neutral or slightly acid solutions?
Which reagent is NOT commonly used for precipitating alkaloids from neutral or slightly acid solutions?
What happens to the solubility of most alkaloids when precipitated with Mayer's reagent?
What happens to the solubility of most alkaloids when precipitated with Mayer's reagent?
In the context of alkaloids, why are quaternary ammonium compounds unaffected by hydroxide ions?
In the context of alkaloids, why are quaternary ammonium compounds unaffected by hydroxide ions?
What distinguishes alkaloids like tubocurarine chloride or muscarine chloride from amines in terms of chemical properties?
What distinguishes alkaloids like tubocurarine chloride or muscarine chloride from amines in terms of chemical properties?
How do quaternary ammonium compounds like tubocurarine chloride or muscarine chloride differ from typical alkaloids in terms of chemical properties?
How do quaternary ammonium compounds like tubocurarine chloride or muscarine chloride differ from typical alkaloids in terms of chemical properties?
What is the purpose of adding excess alkalis like sodium bicarbonate in Method B of alkaloids extraction?
What is the purpose of adding excess alkalis like sodium bicarbonate in Method B of alkaloids extraction?
What distinguishes alkaloidal salts from free alkaloids in terms of extraction?
What distinguishes alkaloidal salts from free alkaloids in terms of extraction?
Why is it necessary to shake the concentrated organic liquid with aqueous acid after alkaloids extraction?
Why is it necessary to shake the concentrated organic liquid with aqueous acid after alkaloids extraction?
What is the role of chloroform or other organic solvents in Method B of alkaloids extraction?
What is the role of chloroform or other organic solvents in Method B of alkaloids extraction?
What is the primary reason for using ether or petroleum spirit in alkaloids extraction?
What is the primary reason for using ether or petroleum spirit in alkaloids extraction?
What differentiates Method A from Method B of alkaloids extraction regarding the type of substances used for extraction?
What differentiates Method A from Method B of alkaloids extraction regarding the type of substances used for extraction?
What is the purpose of adding excess alkalis like sodium bicarbonate in Method B of alkaloids extraction?
What is the purpose of adding excess alkalis like sodium bicarbonate in Method B of alkaloids extraction?
Why are most alkaloids considered chiral molecules?
Why are most alkaloids considered chiral molecules?
What distinguishes alkaloidal salts from free alkaloids in terms of extraction?
What distinguishes alkaloidal salts from free alkaloids in terms of extraction?
How do quaternary ammonium compounds like tubocurarine chloride or muscarine chloride differ from typical alkaloids in terms of chemical properties?
How do quaternary ammonium compounds like tubocurarine chloride or muscarine chloride differ from typical alkaloids in terms of chemical properties?
What is a common property of alkaloids as described in the text?
What is a common property of alkaloids as described in the text?
What distinguishes free bases of alkaloids from alkaloidal salts in terms of solubility?
What distinguishes free bases of alkaloids from alkaloidal salts in terms of solubility?
How many nitrogen atoms can alkaloids like ergotamine contain?
How many nitrogen atoms can alkaloids like ergotamine contain?
What distinguishes protoalkaloids from true alkaloids based on the text?
What distinguishes protoalkaloids from true alkaloids based on the text?
Which amino acid does not have its COOH & NH2 groups on the same carbon atom?
Which amino acid does not have its COOH & NH2 groups on the same carbon atom?
Which term describes alkaloids that contain nitrogen in heterocyclic ring systems?
Which term describes alkaloids that contain nitrogen in heterocyclic ring systems?
What type of compounds are quaternary ammonium compounds such as tubocurarine chloride or muscarine chloride?
What type of compounds are quaternary ammonium compounds such as tubocurarine chloride or muscarine chloride?
What distinguishes reddish-brown alkaloids when extracted using Wagner's and Dragendorff's reagents?
What distinguishes reddish-brown alkaloids when extracted using Wagner's and Dragendorff's reagents?
