Chemistry Acids & Bases Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are properties of acids? (Select all that apply)

Change color of vegetable dyes (correct)

Sour taste (correct)

Bitter taste

React with carbonates, producing CO2 (correct)

Which of the following are properties of bases? (Select all that apply)

Bitter taste (correct)

Feels slippery (correct)

Corrosive

Sour taste

List 7 strong acids.

Hydrochloric acid, Hydrobromic acid, Hydroiodic acid, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Chloric acid, Perchloric acid

How does an acid become a conjugate base?

By losing 1 H+ Signup and view all the answers

How does a base become a conjugate acid?

By gaining 1 H+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugate base of H2CO3?

HCO3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugate base of H2S?

HS- Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugate base of HF?

F- Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugate base of HSO4-?

SO42- Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugate base of HCO3-?

CO32- Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugate acid of CO32-?

HCO3- Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugate acid of HCO3-?

H2CO3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugate acid of H2O?

H3O+ Signup and view all the answers

Double-headed arrows mean ________.

Weak acids/bases Signup and view all the answers

What is it called when water reacts with itself?

Autoionization Signup and view all the answers

The majority of weak acids are in the form of what?

Reactants Signup and view all the answers

All aqueous solutions contain both H3O+ and OH-.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the ion-product constant for water?

Kw Signup and view all the answers

What does pH express?

Negative power of 10 for the concentration of H+ Signup and view all the answers

Buffered solutions contain what?

A weak acid and the salt of its conjugate base; or a weak base and the salt of its conjugate acid Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Properties of Acids

Have a sour taste and are corrosive.
Change color of vegetable dyes.
React with "active" metals and carbonates to produce CO2.
React with bases to form ionic salts.

Properties of Bases

Also referred to as alkali, with a bitter taste and slippery feel.
Change color of vegetable dyes.
React with acids to form ionic salts, a process called neutralization.

Strong Acids

Notable strong acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, chloric acid, and perchloric acid.

Conjugate Bases

An acid becomes a conjugate base by losing 1 H+ ion.
Common conjugate bases include:
- H2CO3 transforms to HCO3-
- H2S transforms to HS-
- HF transforms to F-
- HSO4- transforms to SO42-
- HCO3- transforms to CO32-

Conjugate Acids

A base becomes a conjugate acid by gaining 1 H+ ion.
Example transformations include:
- CO32- converts to HCO3-
- HCO3- converts to H2CO3
- H2O converts to H3O+

Acid-Base Equilibria

Double-headed arrows signify weak acids or bases, indicating partial dissociation.
Autoionization occurs when water reacts with itself, producing H3O+ and OH- ions.

Characteristics of Weak Acids

The majority of weak acids exist primarily in the form of reactants in solution.

Aqueous Solutions

All aqueous solutions contain both H3O+ and OH- ions.

Ion-Product Constant for Water

Represented by Kw, which defines the equilibrium constant for water's autoionization.

pH Concept

pH quantifies the hydrogen ion concentration, expressed as the negative logarithm of [H+].

Buffered Solutions

Consist of a weak acid and the salt of its conjugate base, or a weak base and the salt of its conjugate acid, used to resist changes in pH.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the properties of acids and bases with these informative flashcards. Learn key definitions and characteristics that differentiate these two important concepts in chemistry. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of acid-base chemistry.