Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements best describes the properties of bases?
Which of the following statements best describes the properties of bases?
- Bases taste sour and can be corrosive.
- Bases turn blue litmus paper red and contain H+ ions.
- Bases feel slippery and have a pH greater than 7. (correct)
- Bases do not conduct electricity and react with metals.
What occurs during the process of neutralization?
What occurs during the process of neutralization?
- An acid and a base both increase their pH level.
- An acid reacts with a base to produce salt and water. (correct)
- A base burns through metal and produces hydrogen gas.
- An acid reacts with a base to form a new acid.
Which of these indicators turns pink in a basic solution?
Which of these indicators turns pink in a basic solution?
- Phenolphthalein (correct)
- Bromothymol blue
- Litmus paper
- Methyl orange
What is a characteristic feature of acids according to their properties?
What is a characteristic feature of acids according to their properties?
Which statement correctly describes the safety measures when handling acids and bases?
Which statement correctly describes the safety measures when handling acids and bases?
An acid has a pH that is generally:
An acid has a pH that is generally:
What occurs when acids react with bases?
What occurs when acids react with bases?
Which property is common to both acids and bases?
Which property is common to both acids and bases?
Which of the following statements about pH is correct?
Which of the following statements about pH is correct?
Which of these characteristics is NOT true for bases?
Which of these characteristics is NOT true for bases?
What is the primary characteristic of a base based on its chemical formula?
What is the primary characteristic of a base based on its chemical formula?
What change occurs to the name of a polyatomic ion when it is transformed into an acid?
What change occurs to the name of a polyatomic ion when it is transformed into an acid?
What does a high concentration of hydrogen ions indicate about the pH of a solution?
What does a high concentration of hydrogen ions indicate about the pH of a solution?
Which of the following is a common property of acids?
Which of the following is a common property of acids?
What defines the pH level of a solution?
What defines the pH level of a solution?
Which of the following bases is commonly used in household cleaning products?
Which of the following bases is commonly used in household cleaning products?
What safety measure is recommended when handling strong acids?
What safety measure is recommended when handling strong acids?
What happens when an acid and a base are mixed together in a solution?
What happens when an acid and a base are mixed together in a solution?
Which indicator would you use to test if a solution is acidic?
Which indicator would you use to test if a solution is acidic?
What is the effect of a high concentration of hydroxide ions on the pH of a solution?
What is the effect of a high concentration of hydroxide ions on the pH of a solution?
What property characterizes acids?
What property characterizes acids?
Which of the following is true about bases?
Which of the following is true about bases?
What does a pH of 7 indicate?
What does a pH of 7 indicate?
How does the pH scale measure acidity?
How does the pH scale measure acidity?
Which pH range indicates a basic solution?
Which pH range indicates a basic solution?
What is the role of pH indicators?
What is the role of pH indicators?
Which color represents a basic solution using litmus paper?
Which color represents a basic solution using litmus paper?
Why should one never taste or touch acids and bases?
Why should one never taste or touch acids and bases?
Which of the following is a characteristic of strong acids?
Which of the following is a characteristic of strong acids?
What does a pH of 3 indicate compared to a pH of 6?
What does a pH of 3 indicate compared to a pH of 6?
What type of solution is indicated by a pH of 14?
What type of solution is indicated by a pH of 14?
Which of the following would be a safe method to identify a solution's pH?
Which of the following would be a safe method to identify a solution's pH?
How do different pH indicators function?
How do different pH indicators function?
What is necessary about the classification of compounds as acids or bases?
What is necessary about the classification of compounds as acids or bases?
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Study Notes
Properties of Bases
- Bases taste bitter and feel slippery.
- Many bases are caustic and can burn skin.
- Some bases are highly reactive with metals.
- Bases conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
- The pH of a base is greater than 7.
- Bases turn red litmus paper blue.
- Phenolphthalein is pink in a basic solution.
- The chemical formula of a base usually ends with OH (hydroxide).
Properties of Acids
- Acids taste sour.
- Acids are corrosive and burn skin.
- Acids conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
- The pH of an acid is less than 7.
- Acids turn blue litmus paper red.
- Phenolphthalein is colorless in an acidic solution.
- The chemical formula of an acid usually starts with 'H'.
Acid-Base Neutralization
- Acids and bases react to produce a salt and water in a process called neutralization.
- Neutralization reactions are often referred to as salt-water reactions.
- The name of the salt depends on the polyatomic ion in the acid.
- If the ending of polyatomic ion ends in "ate", then it's changed to "ic" in acid name.
- If the ending of polyatomic ion ends in "ite", then it's changed to "ous" in acid name.
Examples of Acids
- Hâ‚‚SOâ‚„ (sulfuric acid)
- H₂SO₃ (sulfurous acid)
- HNO₃ (nitric acid)
More About Bases
- Bases are often written with "(aq)" after their chemical formula, since they must be dissolved in water to behave like bases.
- Common examples of bases include:
- NaOH (aq) - Sodium Hydroxide
- Mg(OH)â‚‚ (aq) - Magnesium Hydroxide
- Ca(OH)â‚‚ (aq) - Calcium Hydroxide
- NHâ‚„OH (aq) - Ammonium Hydroxide
Production of Ions
- Acids and bases can conduct electricity due to the release of ions in solution.
- Acids release H+ ions (hydrogen ions)
- Bases release OH- ions (hydroxide ions)
The pH of a Solution
- The pH of a solution refers to the concentration of H+ ions it contains.
- Square brackets signify concentration: [H+], [OH-]
- A solution with a high [H+] = low pH, very acidic.
- A solution with a high [OH-] = high pH, very basic.
- A solution cannot be both acidic and basic at the same time.
Acids, Bases, and Neutralization Reactions
- Many familiar compounds are either acids or bases.
- The classification of a compound as an acid or base is based on its chemical composition.
- Acids and bases can be very dangerous.
- Acids and bases should never be identified by taste or touch.
The pH Scale
- The strength of acids and bases is measured on the pH scale.
- pH of acidic solutions is less than 7.
- The lower the pH, the more acidic the solution.
- The pH of a neutral solution is 7.
- The pH of a basic solution is more than 7 to 14.
- The higher the pH, the more basic the solution.
- A solution with a pH of 3 is 1000 times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 6.
pH Indicators
- Indicators are chemicals that change color depending on the acidity/basicity of the solution.
- Litmus paper turns blue in a basic solution and red in an acidic solution.
- Different indicators change color at different pH values.
- Bromothymol blue is used to identify pH values between 6 and 7.6.
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