Chemical Reactions Involving Ions

Acid-Base Reactions

• When a solution of a strong acid is mixed with a solution of a salt containing the anion of a weak acid, the acid reacts with the salt to form the weak acid and its conjugate base.
• This reaction is known as an acid-base neutralization reaction.

Reaction of Ferric Chloride and Sodium Hydroxide

• When solutions of ferric chloride (FeCl₃) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are mixed, a precipitate of iron(III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)₃) forms.
• The reaction releases heat and produces a yellow-orange precipitate.

Reaction of Strong Bases and Ammonium Salts

• When solutions of strong bases are mixed with solutions of ammonium salts, the base reacts with the ammonium ion (NH₄+) to form ammonia (NH₃) and water.
• This reaction releases heat and produces a basic solution.

Reaction of Metallic Hydroxides and Acids

• When metallic hydroxides, including ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH), are mixed with an acid, the hydroxide reacts with the acid to form water and a salt.
• This reaction releases heat and produces a neutral solution.

Reaction of Strong Acids and Weak Base Salts

• When a solution of a strong acid is mixed with a solution of a weak base salt, the acid reacts with the salt to form the weak base and its conjugate acid.
• This reaction is also an acid-base neutralization reaction.