Chemical Reactions and Properties of Metals and Non-Metals Quiz

Oxygen and glucose

Chloroplasts

Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

Air through their leaves

Absorbs the light energy needed for photosynthesis

Stomata

Transpiration

Water absorption

Carries sucrose from leaves to shoots and roots

Widely spaced particles that move freely and can be compressed

To detect starch presence in leaves

Rearrange atoms but do not change the number of atoms

Filtration

High melting and boiling points, conductivity, and malleability

It can neutralize the acid

A substance gains oxygen

Creating a physical barrier to oxygen and water

A sacrificial metal layer

It still works

Acidic solutions

The essential components required for photosynthesis in plants are carbon dioxide, water, and light energy. The process also requires the presence of chlorophyll, which is found in chloroplasts within plant cells. Additionally, photosynthesis can only occur in the presence of light. The word equation for photosynthesis in the presence of light and chlorophyll is: $Carbon dioxide + water ightarrow glucose + oxygen$.

Chlorophyll plays a crucial role in photosynthesis as it absorbs the light energy needed to drive the process. It is the green pigment found in chloroplasts and is responsible for capturing light energy, which is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen during photosynthesis.

The products of photosynthesis, such as glucose, can be turned into other substances like starch and plant oils, which serve as energy stores for the plant. These stored energy reserves can be utilized through the process of respiration to fuel various cellular activities within the plant.

Starch testing involves heating a leaf to denature enzymes, boiling it in ethanol to remove chlorophyll, and adding iodine solution to detect the presence of starch. The presence of starch indicates successful photosynthesis and the ability of the plant to produce and store energy for survival.

Transpiration is the evaporation of water from spongy mesophyll cells, followed by the release of water vapor through stomata. This process creates a negative pressure that pulls water up through the xylem vessels, facilitating the continuous transpiration stream from the roots to the leaves. It helps in nutrient uptake, temperature regulation, and maintaining turgor pressure.

Solids have particles close together with fixed shapes, liquids have particles that can flow but cannot be compressed, and gases have widely spaced particles that can move freely and be compressed. These states of matter affect processes like diffusion of gases for photosynthesis, movement of water through plant tissues, and exchange of gases during transpiration and respiration.

Metals share properties such as high melting and boiling points, conductivity, and malleability. Non-metals are often poor conductors of heat and electricity, dull in appearance, and brittle.

Both metals and non-metals can react with oxygen to form compounds called oxides.

Metal oxides are bases and can neutralize acids, while non-metal oxides dissolve in water to form acidic solutions.

Rusting can be prevented by creating a physical barrier to oxygen and water, such as painting, oiling, or galvanizing with a more reactive metal like zinc. Galvanizing, through the coating of iron with zinc, creates a sacrificial metal layer that prevents oxygen and water from reaching the iron.