Chemical Principles in Agriculture (AGRI1534)

Study Notes

The course aims to introduce students to simple chemical concepts, words, and names.
It also focuses on developing problem-solving skills in a methodical and logical manner.

The scientific method is a series of logical steps that allow researchers to approach a problem and find solutions.
It consists of four parts: Observation and Classification, Generalization, Hypothesis, and Theory.

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass, such as trees, clothing, water, and air.
Energy is the ability to do work and comes in various forms, such as heat and light.
The Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy states that energy and mass/matter can neither be created nor destroyed, only converted from one form to another.

Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition of a substance, such as color, odor, taste, hardness, mass, and boiling point.
Physical changes alter one of the physical properties without changing the chemical composition.
Chemical properties are the ability of a substance to react or change to a new substance with different properties.
Chemical changes alter the properties by changing the chemical composition.

Matter can be classified into pure substances, mixtures, solutions, elements, compounds, and molecules.
Pure substances have a definite and fixed composition and cannot be separated into other forms of matter by physical change.
Mixtures are two or more pure substances combined, with varying composition, and can be physically separated without chemical means.
Homogeneous mixtures have the same properties throughout, while heterogeneous mixtures have different properties.
Solutions are homogeneous mixtures, and elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter, and molecules are groups of atoms bonded together.