Pharmacokinetics
64 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main advantage of using extended-release tablets of oral morphine?

  • Rapid absorption
  • Reduced frequency of administration (correct)
  • Bypass of first-pass metabolism
  • Higher bioavailability
  • Which route of administration involves placing the drug under the tongue or between the cheek and gum?

  • Intravenous
  • Sublingual / Buccal (correct)
  • Intramuscular
  • Subcutaneous
  • Why is parenteral administration preferred for drugs like heparin and insulin?

  • Rapid absorption
  • Reduced side effects
  • Avoidance of first-pass metabolism
  • High bioavailability (correct)
  • What is a significant advantage of sublingual and buccal routes of drug administration?

    <p>Ease of administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors that can influence drug absorption unrelated to the chemistry of the drug?

    <p>Particle size, salt form, and crystal polymorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are two drug formulations considered therapeutically equivalent?

    <p>They have similar clinical and safety profiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In drug distribution, where does a drug reversibly leave before entering the tissues?

    <p>Bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are some drugs like insulin destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Because of enteric coatings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which injection route provides absorption via simple diffusion and is slower than the IV route?

    <p>Intradermal (ID)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which injection route minimizes the risks of hemolysis or thrombosis associated with IV injection?

    <p>Subcutaneous (SC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which injection route should not be used with drugs that cause tissue irritation to avoid severe pain and necrosis?

    <p>Subcutaneous (SC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration provides rapid delivery of drug across the large surface area of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract?

    <p>Oral Inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation to calculate the Volume of Distribution (Vd)?

    <p>Vd = C0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which compartment would a drug be effectively trapped if it is too large to pass through the capillaries' slit junctions?

    <p>Plasma compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of distribution does heparin show in terms of its Volume of Distribution (Vd)?

    <p>Low Vd approximating the plasma volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which water compartment in the body does a drug enter if it can pass through the endothelial slit junctions of the capillaries?

    <p>Interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enteral administration is the least common method of drug administration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oral administration of drugs is easily self-administered and does not require close monitoring.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activated charcoal may be used as an antidote for overdoses of orally administered drugs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The low gastric pH enhances the absorption of all types of drugs taken orally.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sublingual and buccal routes of drug administration provide slow absorption due to the harsh gastrointestinal environment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parenteral administration is preferred for drugs that are unstable in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as insulin.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extended-release tablets of oral morphine require more frequent administration compared to the immediate-release tablets.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drugs administered via the sublingual route are absorbed under the gum.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Orally administered drugs always provide 100% bioavailability due to rapid absorption into the systemic circulation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bioavailability is determined by comparing plasma levels of a drug after a specific route of administration with levels achieved by intramuscular administration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    First-pass hepatic metabolism occurs when a drug enters the systemic circulation before passing through the liver or gut wall.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Total body clearance is the sum of all clearances from only drug-metabolizing organs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The liver plays no role in drug clearance through metabolism or excretion into the bile.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The area under the curve (AUC) can be measured by plotting plasma concentrations of a drug over time.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excretion of drugs into sweat, saliva, tears, hair, and skin occurs to a large extent.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Breast milk is not a potential source of undesirable side effects to a breast-feeding infant.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is parenteral administration preferred for drugs like insulin?

    <p>Insulin is unstable in the gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage do sublingual and buccal routes of drug administration offer over other routes?

    <p>Avoidance of first-pass metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are extended-release tablets of oral morphine more convenient than immediate-release tablets?

    <p>Require less frequent administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of drugs administered via the sublingual or buccal route?

    <p>First-pass metabolism in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of parenteral administration compared to other routes?

    <p>Risk of local tissue damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug delivery provides the most control over the amount of drug delivered?

    <p>Intravenous infusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of depot preparations administered intramuscularly?

    <p>Absorbed more slowly than aqueous solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parenteral route would be suitable for drugs that are not absorbed orally, such as rocuronium?

    <p>Intravenous (IV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compartment in the body would a drug be effectively trapped in if it has a low Volume of Distribution (Vd) similar to the plasma volume?

    <p>Plasma compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about a drug with a high molecular weight and extensive protein binding in terms of its Volume of Distribution (Vd)?

    <p>It will have a low Vd approximating the plasma volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which water compartment does a drug enter if it can pass through the endothelial slit junctions of capillaries?

    <p>Extracellular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Volume of Distribution (Vd) when comparing drug distribution with volumes of water compartments in the body?

    <p>Vd helps compare drug distribution with body water compartments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intrathecal and intraventricular routes of drug administration are particularly necessary when:

    <p>Local and rapid effects in the central nervous system are needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The transdermal route of drug administration is advantageous because:

    <p>It provides systemic effects through skin application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason topical application is used for drug delivery?

    <p>To target a specific localized effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes oral inhalation and nasal preparations as a preferred route of drug administration for respiratory disorders?

    <p>Direct delivery to the site of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the excretion of drugs into sweat, saliva, tears, hair, and skin primarily occur?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the liver in drug clearance?

    <p>Excretion into bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are important measures of drug clearance used to optimize drug therapy and minimize toxicity?

    <p>Total body clearance and drug half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is often the major organ of drug excretion?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between subcutaneous (SC) injection and intramuscular (IM) injection?

    <p>SC injection avoids the risks of hemolysis, unlike IM injection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should drugs causing tissue irritation not be administered via the subcutaneous route?

    <p>To avoid severe pain and necrosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes drugs typically administered via the intradermal (ID) route?

    <p>Agents for diagnostic determination and desensitization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do oral inhalation and nasal preparations differ from IV bolus administration in terms of drug effects?

    <p>Both IV bolus and oral inhalation provide rapid drug effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor primarily determines the relative concentrations of the charged and uncharged forms of a drug at its absorption site?

    <p>pKa of the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes significantly to the distribution equilibrium of a drug in all body water spaces?

    <p>Achieving equal concentration in all body water spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a drug has a high pKa value, what can be inferred about its acidity?

    <p>It is basic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the availability of surface area for absorption differ between the intestine and the stomach?

    <p>The intestine has a larger surface area due to brush borders containing microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can alter drug absorption unrelated to the chemistry of the drug?

    <p>Particle size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines two drug formulations as therapeutically equivalent?

    <p>Similar dosage form and route of administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does bioequivalence between two drug formulations indicate?

    <p>Comparable bioavailability and peak blood concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does drug distribution primarily occur according to the text?

    <p>Interstitium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Chemical Elements Symbols Quiz
    11 questions
    Chemical Bonding Flashcards
    29 questions
    Chemical Bonding and Equations Quiz
    25 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser