Questions and Answers
What are the two broad classes that hormones can be divided into?
Which of the following is not a type of lipid-soluble hormone?
What are steroid hormones derived from?
Cholesterol
What are the two thyroid hormones mentioned?
Signup and view all the answers
What is nitric oxide categorized as?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is not a water-soluble hormone type?
Signup and view all the answers
How are amine hormones synthesized?
Signup and view all the answers
What do peptide hormones consist of?
Signup and view all the answers
What are eicosanoid hormones derived from?
Signup and view all the answers
How do most water-soluble hormones circulate in the blood?
Signup and view all the answers
How do most lipid-soluble hormones circulate in the blood?
Signup and view all the answers
List one function of transport proteins for lipid-soluble hormones.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Classification of Hormones
- Hormones can be categorized into two main classes based on solubility: lipid-soluble and water-soluble.
Lipid-Soluble Hormones
- Include steroid hormones, thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), and nitric oxide (NO).
- Characteristics of steroid hormones: derived from cholesterol, exhibit a diverse range of functions due to unique chemical groups on their core structure.
- T3 and T4 hormones: produced by attaching iodine to tyrosine, possess two benzene rings, enhancing their lipid solubility.
- Nitric oxide (NO): operates as both a hormone and neurotransmitter, synthesized by nitric oxide synthase.
Water-Soluble Hormones
- Comprise amine hormones, peptide and protein hormones, and eicosanoid hormones.
- Amine hormones: synthesized from the decarboxylation of amino acids, retaining the amino group, with catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine) derived from tyrosine and histamine from histidine.
- Peptide hormones: chains of 3 to 49 amino acids; examples include antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin. Protein hormones consist of 50 to 200 amino acids, such as human growth hormone and insulin.
- Eicosanoid hormones: derived from arachidonic acid, include prostaglandins and leukotrienes, acting as local hormones and potentially as circulating hormones.
Hormone Transport in Blood
- Water-soluble hormones circulate freely in the blood plasma without attachment to other molecules.
- Lipid-soluble hormones are transported bound to proteins, synthesized by liver cells, enhancing their solubility in blood.
Functions of Transport Proteins
- Temporarily increase water solubility of lipid-soluble hormones for better circulation.
- Slow kidney filtration and hormone loss in urine.
- Maintain a reserve of hormones readily available in the bloodstream.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz explores the two main classes of chemical hormones based on their solubility: lipid-soluble and water-soluble hormones. It provides insights into the characteristics and examples of each class, such as steroid hormones and thyroid hormones. Test your knowledge on the differentiation between these hormone types.
