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Questions and Answers
What is the empirical formula of a compound with the molecular formula $C_6H_{12}O_6$?
What is the empirical formula of a compound with the molecular formula $C_6H_{12}O_6$?
- $C_2H_4O_2$
- $C_6H_{12}O_6$
- $CH_2O$ (correct)
- $C_3H_6O_3$
Balancing chemical equations ensures that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation, adhering to the Law of Conservation of Mass.
Balancing chemical equations ensures that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation, adhering to the Law of Conservation of Mass.
True (A)
Describe the key difference between a chemical change and a physical change.
Describe the key difference between a chemical change and a physical change.
A chemical change involves the formation of new substances with different properties, while a physical change alters the form or appearance of a substance but does not change its chemical identity.
In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, most alpha particles passed through the gold foil undeflected, but some were deflected at large angles. This led to the conclusion that atoms have a small, dense, positively charged ________ .
In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, most alpha particles passed through the gold foil undeflected, but some were deflected at large angles. This led to the conclusion that atoms have a small, dense, positively charged ________ .
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Law of Conservation of Mass?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Law of Conservation of Mass?
A catalyst is consumed during a chemical reaction.
A catalyst is consumed during a chemical reaction.
Explain how the number of valence electrons determines the chemical properties of an element.
Explain how the number of valence electrons determines the chemical properties of an element.
The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation represent the relative number of ________ of reactants and products.
The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation represent the relative number of ________ of reactants and products.
Given the balanced equation $2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O$, if you start with 4 grams of $H_2$, what mass of $O_2$ is required for complete reaction? (Molar mass of $H_2$ = 2 g/mol, $O_2$ = 32 g/mol)
Given the balanced equation $2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O$, if you start with 4 grams of $H_2$, what mass of $O_2$ is required for complete reaction? (Molar mass of $H_2$ = 2 g/mol, $O_2$ = 32 g/mol)
Flashcards
Chemical Formula
Chemical Formula
A representation of a molecule that uses chemical symbols to indicate the types of atoms followed by subscripts to show the number of atoms of each type in the molecule.
Chemical Equation
Chemical Equation
A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas instead of words.
Conservation of Mass
Conservation of Mass
A fundamental concept in chemistry stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
Atom
Atom
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Protons
Protons
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Neutrons
Neutrons
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Electrons
Electrons
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Nucleus
Nucleus
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Mass Number
Mass Number
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Isotopes
Isotopes
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Study Notes
- A chemical formula represents the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule
- Chemical formulas use element symbols and subscripts to indicate the number of atoms
- A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction
- Chemical equations show reactants (on the left) and products (on the right), separated by an arrow
- Balancing chemical equations ensures the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation, obeying the law of conservation of mass
Atomic Theory
- All matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms (Dalton's atomic theory)
- Atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties
- Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms
- A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms
Atomic Structure
- An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons
- Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons are neutral
- The number of protons determines the element (atomic number)
- Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
Matter
- Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space
- Matter exists in different states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
- Solids have a definite shape and volume
- Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container
- Gases have no definite shape or volume
Law of Conservation of Mass
- Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction
- The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products in a chemical reaction
- Balancing chemical equations is a practical application of the law of conservation of mass
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