Chemical Fertilizers and the Green Revolution Quiz

Which ecosystem is home to an incredible diversity of fishes in Cambodia?

Mekong Delta
Amazon river
Tonie Sap lake (correct)
Great Barrier Reef

What is causing the drop in fish catches in Tonie Sap lake?

Overfishing
Conversion of forest to rice paddies (correct)
Natural disasters
Pollution

What historical event is the fishery in Tonie Sap lake in danger of repeating?

The collapse of the Soviet Union
The French Revolution
The fall of the Roman Empire
The fall of Angkor and the Khmer Empire (correct)

Which period is referred to as the Anthropocene?

Age of humans (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Great Acceleration?

A period of rapid technological advancement (C) Signup and view all the answers

What have humans done to the global nitrogen cycle?

Increased nitrogen levels (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Understanding Global Change model (UGC)?

To demonstrate how Earth systems work (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ecological footprint?

The total area of healthy land and water ecosystems needed to provide the resources you use and to absorb wastes you produce (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the challenge of providing basic human needs in Tonie Sap?

Water, food, and energy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of hydroelectric dams on Tonie Sap?

Interfering with water and sediment flow and blocking migrating fishes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an ecological disaster that could occur in Tonie Sap?

Ecosystem collapse (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key component of chemical fertilizers used in the Green Revolution?

Nitrogen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the strategy called that involves planting large areas with a single highly productive crop year after year?

Monoculture (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of deforestation on water quality in streams and rivers?

Alteration of clarity, taste, and odor (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of large-scale monoculture on soil structure and microbiomes?

Degradation of soil and prevention of secondary succession (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration?

Burning fossil fuels (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is climate change defined as?

Measurable long-term changes in averages of temperature, clouds, winds, precipitation, and frequency of extreme weather events (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does global warming affect the global climate system?

Changes patterns of precipitation and other environmental factors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What effect can nitrogen enrichment from burning fossil fuels have on primary producers?

Affect growth of land plants or cause algal blooms (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included in the UGC model's middle ring?

Causes of global change (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of measurable changes in Earth systems according to the UGC model?

Human causes of change (D) Signup and view all the answers

What human activity is changing Earth's atmosphere faster than it has changed over the entire history of life?

Raising concentrations of greenhouse gases (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of stress caused by all human activities on organisms and ecosystems?

Threatens biodiversity and ecosystem services (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a direct human impact on plant and animal populations?

Hunting to extinction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of deforestation in Totonicapan, Guatemala?

Logging (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of improperly disposed waste in urban areas?

Contamination of air, water, and soil resources (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between habitat size and the number of species that can live there?

Larger habitats can support more species (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ecological footprint of the average American compared to the global average?

The average American has an ecological footprint that is three times as large as the global average. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to calculate a country's ecological footprint?

Multiply the size of the population by the ecological footprint of a typical citizen. (B) Signup and view all the answers

When did humanity's greatest change in relationship with Earth begin?

During the Great Acceleration in the 1950s. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of resources are included in the ecological footprint lab mentioned in the text?

Water, land, and fossil fuels. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is ocean acidification and how does it affect marine life?

Ocean acidification is caused by excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and it makes seawater more acidic, which stresses many marine organisms and ecosystems. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of acid rain on freshwater ecosystems?

Acid rain makes freshwater more acidic, which kills aquatic organisms from algae to fishes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of methane on global warming and climate change?

Methane contributes to global warming and climate change. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of agriculture on Earth's land surface?

Agriculture has transformed roughly three-quarters of Earth's land surface in several ways and for several reasons. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms dominate the planet?

Microbes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the arrival of Europeans on Native American populations?

They inadvertently exposed them to deadly diseases. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between bacteria and the human body?

Bacteria can help the human body. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of malaria?

Unicellular eukaryote (B) Signup and view all the answers

What did Martinus Beijerinck name the tiny particles that cause disease in plants?

Viruses (A) Signup and view all the answers

What did Wendell Stanley isolate in 1935?

Viruses (C) Signup and view all the answers

What did Dmitri lvanovski discover in 1892?

The cause of tobacco mosaic disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection does the T4 virus cause?

Both lytic and lysogenic infections (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a prophage?

The DNA of a bacteriophage that becomes embedded in the bacterial host's DNA (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of viruses in humans contain RNA?

70% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection does the HIV virus cause?

Lytic infection (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a basic shape of prokaryotes?

Spherical (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which most prokaryotes reproduce?

Binary fission (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the cell walls of Archaea and Bacteria?

Archaea have cell walls without pept idoglycan (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pili in E. coli?

To anchor the bacterium to a surface or other bacteria (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about prokaryotes?

Their DNA is located directly in the cytoplasm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the domains Bacteria and Archaea?

They have different cell walls (C) Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds the cell membrane of bacteria?

Peptidoglycan (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes have a nucleus while eukaryotes do not (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a virus made of?

Proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes lipids (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main way that viruses reproduce?

By infecting living cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between lytic and lysogenic infections?

Lytic infections involve immediate replication while lysogenic infections involve persistence in an inactive state (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do viruses enter host cells?

By tricking the cell into taking them in (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that prokaryotes evolve?

Through binary fission (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is conjugation in prokaryotes?

The exchange of genetic information between two bacterial cells through a bridge (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes?

To convert nitrogen gas into useful forms (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ecological role of decomposing prokaryotes?

To supply raw materials to the environment by breaking down dead organisms (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium is responsible for producing yogurt?

Lactobacillus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the microbiome?

A collection of prokaryotic genomes found in the human body (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the germ theory of disease?

The theory that bacteria and viruses can cause disease (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do bacteria produce disease?

By destroying living cells or by releasing chemicals that upset homeostasis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which HIV causes damage to the immune system?

HIV destroys the cells that normally fight infections (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do vaccines help prevent viral diseases?

Vaccines stimulate the body's immune system to recognize and destroy viruses before they can cause disease (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the way retroviruses like HIV and other viruses replicate?

Retroviruses make a DNA copy of themselves that inserts into the host's DNA, while other viruses do not (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way in which viruses cause disease in the body?

Viruses attack and destroy certain cells in the body, causing the symptoms of the associated disease (C) Signup and view all the answers