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Questions and Answers
What is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations that have no further tendency to change with time?
What is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations that have no further tendency to change with time?
In chemical equilibrium, what does it mean when the reaction rates of the forward and backward reactions are equal?
In chemical equilibrium, what does it mean when the reaction rates of the forward and backward reactions are equal?
What was found by Berthollet in 1803 that led to the development of the concept of chemical equilibrium?
What was found by Berthollet in 1803 that led to the development of the concept of chemical equilibrium?
If a reaction mixture is described as being in equilibrium position 'far to the right', what does this indicate?
If a reaction mixture is described as being in equilibrium position 'far to the right', what does this indicate?
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What is the necessary condition for chemical equilibrium?
What is the necessary condition for chemical equilibrium?
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What is the law of mass action valid for?
What is the law of mass action valid for?
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How does adding a catalyst affect the equilibrium constant?
How does adding a catalyst affect the equilibrium constant?
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What does Le Châtelier's principle predict when equilibrium conditions change?
What does Le Châtelier's principle predict when equilibrium conditions change?
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In dynamic equilibrium, what happens at the molecular level?
In dynamic equilibrium, what happens at the molecular level?
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How does the law of mass action relate to the stoichiometry of reactions?
How does the law of mass action relate to the stoichiometry of reactions?
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Study Notes
Chemical Equilibrium
- The state in which both reactants and products are present in concentrations that have no further tendency to change with time is called chemical equilibrium.
- When the reaction rates of the forward and backward reactions are equal, the system is in chemical equilibrium.
- In 1803, Berthollet discovered that the reaction between calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide was reversible, leading to the development of the concept of chemical equilibrium.
Equilibrium Position
- If a reaction mixture is described as being in equilibrium position 'far to the right', it indicates that the reaction has proceeded mostly to the products side.
Necessary Condition
- The necessary condition for chemical equilibrium is that the rates of forward and backward reactions are equal.
Law of Mass Action
- The law of mass action is valid for reactions in equilibrium.
- The law of mass action relates to the stoichiometry of reactions, stating that the rate of a reaction is proportional to the concentrations of the reactants.
Effect of Catalyst
- Adding a catalyst does not affect the equilibrium constant.
Le Châtelier's Principle
- Le Châtelier's principle predicts that when equilibrium conditions change, the system will adjust to counteract the change and re-establish equilibrium.
Dynamic Equilibrium
- In dynamic equilibrium, the forward and backward reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products at the molecular level.
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Description
Explore the concept of chemical equilibrium where reactants and products reach a state of balance with no further changes over time. Learn about the conditions required for a system to reach equilibrium and how the rates of forward and reverse reactions impact the equilibrium state.
