Chemical Equations and Reactions

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes a double replacement reaction?

  • Elements combine to form a single compound.
  • A compound reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
  • Two ionic compounds exchange their cations to form two new compounds. (correct)
  • One compound decomposes into two simpler substances.

What is a natural example of polymerization?

  • Teflon
  • Polyethylene
  • DNA (correct)
  • Plastic bags

What is the balanced equation for the reaction of magnesium with hydrochloric acid?

  • Mg + 2 HCl → MgCl2 + 2 H2
  • Mg + 2 HCl → MgCl2 + H2 (correct)
  • Mg + HCl → MgCl + H2
  • Mg + HCl → MgCl2 + H2

Which of the following compounds can be produced through polymerization?

<p>Polytetrafluoroethylene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the symbol (aq) represent in a chemical equation?

<p>Dissolved in a solvent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process must be followed to correctly write a chemical equation from word descriptions?

<p>Box the elements, find the correct symbols, and balance the equation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be true for a chemical equation to comply with the Conservation of Matter?

<p>The total mass of reactants must equal the total mass of products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the chemical equation separates the reactants from the products?

<p>Arrow (→) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the equation 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O, what do the coefficients represent?

<p>The number of molecules or moles of each reactant or product (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is balancing a chemical equation important?

<p>It reflects the proportions of molecules involved in the reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is represented by the equation 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O?

<p>Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water vapor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about coefficients in chemical equations is incorrect?

<p>Coefficients can change the state of a substance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in balancing the equation N2 + H2 = NH3?

<p>Write down the elements involved (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a synthesis reaction, which is a defining characteristic?

<p>A new compound is formed from multiple reactants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a combustion reaction?

<p>C + O2 → CO2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically balanced last during the balancing of a chemical equation?

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction type involves breaking down a compound into two or more parts?

<p>Decomposition Reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When balancing the equation 2H2 + O2 = 2H2O, what coefficient is added in front of H2 on the left side?

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in a single replacement reaction?

<p>One element displaces another in a compound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical reaction described?

<p>Catalytic Reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Double Replacement Reaction

A chemical reaction where two ionic compounds exchange their cations, forming two new compounds.

Polymerization

A chemical reaction where single units, called monomers, join together to form long chains called polymers.

Unbalanced Chemical Equation

A chemical equation that shows the reactants and products, but the number of atoms of each element is not balanced on both sides.

Balanced Chemical Equation

A chemical equation where the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation is balanced.

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Balancing a Chemical Equation

The process of adjusting the coefficients in a chemical equation to ensure that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides.

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Balancing Chemical Equations

A chemical equation is balanced when the number of atoms of each element on the reactant side (left) is equal to the number of atoms of that element on the product side (right).

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Coefficients in Balanced Equations

The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation indicate the relative number of moles of each reactant and product involved in the reaction.

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Decomposition Reaction

A chemical reaction where a single reactant is broken down into two or more products.

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Synthesis Reaction

A chemical reaction where two or more reactants combine to form a single product.

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Combustion Reaction

A chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen gas, typically producing carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) as products. It's a common way to release energy.

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Single Replacement Reaction

A chemical reaction where one element replaces another element in a compound, creating a new compound and a single element.

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Simple Reaction

A chemical reaction where a single reactant is converted into a single product, with no other substances involved.

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Chemical Equation

A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas, stoichiometric coefficients, and symbols to indicate the reactants, products, and phases of matter involved.

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Reactants

The substances that are present before a chemical reaction begins.

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Products

The substances that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

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Coefficient

A number placed in front of a chemical formula in a balanced chemical equation, representing the relative number of moles of that substance involved in the reaction.

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Conservation of Matter

The principle that states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, only transformed from one form to another.

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Phase of Matter

The physical state of a substance, typically represented by a symbol in parentheses after the chemical formula. (s) - solid, (l) - liquid, (g) - gas, (aq) - aqueous (dissolved in water).

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Study Notes

Chemical Equations

  • Chemical equations use symbols to represent chemical reactions
  • Reactants are written on the left side of the arrow
  • Products are written on the right side of the arrow
  • The arrow shows the direction of the reaction ("to produce", "to form")
  • Subscripts indicate the number of atoms of each element in a compound
  • Coefficients are placed in front of formulas to show the mole ratio in the reaction

Phases of Matter

  • Solids (s)
  • Liquids (l)
  • Gases (g)
  • (aq) means dissolved in a solvent

Balancing Equations

  • Chemical equations must be balanced, meaning the number of atoms of each element must be the same on both sides of the equation
  • Coefficients are used to balance equations

Putting it all Together

  • Steps to build chemical equations:
    • Box the elements/compounds
    • Use + and → symbols
    • Use parentheses around phase of matter (s), (l), (g), or (aq)

Types of Reactions

  • Synthesis: Two or more reactants combine to form a single product (A + B → AB)
    • Examples: C + Oâ‚‚ → COâ‚‚ , 2Hâ‚‚ + Oâ‚‚ → 2Hâ‚‚O
  • Decomposition: A single reactant breaks down into two or more products (AB → A + B)
    • Examples: 2KCIO₃ → 2KCI + Oâ‚‚ , 2Hâ‚‚O → Oâ‚‚ + 2Hâ‚‚
  • Combustion: A substance reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water (fuel + Oâ‚‚ → COâ‚‚ + Hâ‚‚O)
    • Example: CHâ‚„ + 2Oâ‚‚ → COâ‚‚ + 2Hâ‚‚O
  • Single Replacement: One element replaces another in a compound (A + BC → AC + B)
    • Examples: Cu + AgNO₃ → Cu(NO₃)â‚‚ + Ag, Zn + 2HCl → ZnClâ‚‚ + Hâ‚‚
  • Double Replacement: The positive ions (cations) of two ionic compounds exchange places (AB + CD → AD + CB)
    • Examples: AgNO₃ + NaCl → NaNO₃ + AgCl, HCl + NaOH → NaCl + Hâ‚‚O

Polymerization

  • Monomers combine to form long chains called polymers
  • Examples of synthetic polymers: Nylon, Polyester, Teflon, Plastic, Kevlar
  • Examples of natural polymers: RNA, DNA, Protein

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Unit 5 Chemistry: Chemical Equations & Reactions PDF

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