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Questions and Answers
Which factor should not be less than 1 in the design of a heat exchanger?
Which factor should not be less than 1 in the design of a heat exchanger?
- Thermal efficiency
- LMTD correction factor, FT (correct)
- Fouling factor
- Pressure drop coefficient
What is not a failure mode of rivetted joints?
What is not a failure mode of rivetted joints?
- Shear of rivets
- Tensile rupture of rivets
- Corrosion of rivets
- Bending of rivets (correct)
Which packing size is typically dumped in packed columns?
Which packing size is typically dumped in packed columns?
- Less than 10 mm
- Greater than 50 mm
- Less than 5 mm (correct)
- More than 25 mm
What is the typical pressure drop design in packed absorption towers?
What is the typical pressure drop design in packed absorption towers?
What is an expected range of the steam side heat transfer coefficient under ordinary design conditions?
What is an expected range of the steam side heat transfer coefficient under ordinary design conditions?
In a multipass shell and tube heat exchanger, which factor does not affect the shell side cross flow area?
In a multipass shell and tube heat exchanger, which factor does not affect the shell side cross flow area?
What is the apex angle typically used in conical bottom heads for chemical process equipment?
What is the apex angle typically used in conical bottom heads for chemical process equipment?
What is the optimum inside pipe diameter for laminar flow in steel pipes?
What is the optimum inside pipe diameter for laminar flow in steel pipes?
What color are fresh water carrying pipelines typically colored in chemical industries?
What color are fresh water carrying pipelines typically colored in chemical industries?
Which material is seldom used for pressure vessel construction?
Which material is seldom used for pressure vessel construction?
What is the ratio of shear stress to shear strain called?
What is the ratio of shear stress to shear strain called?
What does a 25 percent cut segmental baffle signify in terms of height?
What does a 25 percent cut segmental baffle signify in terms of height?
When are liquid/petroleum fuel storage tanks built underground?
When are liquid/petroleum fuel storage tanks built underground?
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, what factor does the tube pitch relate to?
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, what factor does the tube pitch relate to?
How does increasing the impeller diameter by 20% affect the impeller speed in a stirred vessel?
How does increasing the impeller diameter by 20% affect the impeller speed in a stirred vessel?
In a heat exchanger, what can change the shell side fluid velocity?
In a heat exchanger, what can change the shell side fluid velocity?
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Study Notes
Chemical Industries Pipeline and Materials
- Freshwater pipelines in chemical industries are colored sea green.
- Rimmed steel is seldom used for pressure vessel construction compared to other steel types.
Key Mechanical Properties
- The ratio of shear stress to shear strain is known as shear modulus.
- Bulk modulus and modulus of rigidity are alternative stress-strain ratio terms.
Baffle Design and Storage Tanks
- A 25% cut segmental baffle has a height of 75% compared to the internal diameter of the shell.
- Underground fuel storage tanks are used when capacity is less than 45 kilolitres.
Vessel Supports and Shell Design
- Lug support is a type of vessel support but specifics are omitted.
- In thick cylindrical vessels under internal pressure, maximum tensile strength occurs on the outer diameter.
Heat Exchangers
- Minimum shell thickness for carbon steel heat exchangers varies with shell diameter, usually in a specified range of millimeters.
- Tube pitch in shell and tube heat exchangers is a critical design parameter affecting fluid dynamics.
Distillation and Absorption
- Continuous binary distillation assumptions include the choice of specific parameters.
- In bubble cap distillation columns with diameters greater than 1.2 metres, the cap diameter is approximate in centimeters.
- Packed absorption towers are designed for a pressure drop typically around 40-50% of flooding velocity.
Heat Transfer and Design Factors
- Steam side heat transfer coefficients approximately equal a specified kcal/hr.m2.°C value.
- The 'factor of safety' in equipment design is the ratio of maximum load to maximum allowable load.
Flow Dynamics and Packing
- The operating pressure drop in bag filters typically features a specific range in mm water gauge.
- Smaller packings are loaded into columns, while larger packings (> specified mm) are stacked individually for efficiency.
Design Considerations
- Correct design considerations are essential for heat exchanger LMTD correction factors, which should not fall below a certain value.
- The tray arrangement in distillation columns with a diameter up to 4 ft is specific for optimal performance.
Structural Integrity
- Ends of cylindrical vessels may be capped with heads in various shapes geared towards maximum pressure resistance.
- Laminar flow in steel pipes indicates an optimal inside diameter reflecting a specific criterion.
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