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EKC 394 Chemical Engineering Laboratory II ULTRAFILTRATION

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EKC 394 Chemical Engineering Laboratory II ULTRAFILTRATION

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of determining the membrane resistance, Rm using deionized water?

To assess the interaction between membrane material and feed solution composition

To measure the impact of different membrane areas on ultrafiltration efficiency

To analyze the effect of pressure and feed concentration on ultrafiltration performance (correct)

To establish the relationship between membrane resistance and feed solution velocity

Why are ultrafiltration membranes specified in terms of their 'molecular weight cut-off' (MWCO)?

To identify the module configuration for ultrafiltration units

To understand the size of molecules that can pass through the membrane (correct)

To determine the range of pressure difference across the membrane

To assess the efficiency of turbulent flow conditions in ultrafiltration

What is the significance of the cross flow configuration in ultrafiltration units?

It ensures a higher pressure difference across the membrane

It maximizes the liquid permeation rate through the membrane

It minimizes the concentration polarization at the membrane surface (correct)

It enhances the resistance to flow of feed solution

Why is the tubular type of ultrafiltration membrane widely used?

Because it allows for higher membrane areas in the range of 1 - 20 m2 Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the feed solution as it emerges from the ultrafiltration module?

It becomes more concentrated as liquid permeates through the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the velocity range for feed solution in the ultrafiltration unit?

$1 - 8$ ms$^{-1}$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of cross-flow membrane separations according to the text?

Preventing solid buildup on the membrane surface Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable α represent in the context of the flux expression for most biological materials?

Compressible deposit Signup and view all the answers

What is the useful method for the effects of cross-flow removal of depositing materials as mentioned in the text?

Equation (2) Signup and view all the answers

What factor is introduced to describe the time dependence of filtration in cases where steady state filtration is seldom achieved?

Efficiency factor β Signup and view all the answers

What is equally important to deposition as a factor controlling flux according to the text?

Concentration Polarization Signup and view all the answers

What does the formation of a gel on the surface of the membrane contribute to, according to the text?

Formation of dynamic membranes Signup and view all the answers

What does the flux through the membrane depend on according to the relationship provided in the text?

$C_w$ and $C_b$ Signup and view all the answers

What does $rac{ ext{d}V}{ ext{d}t}$ represent in Equation (1) for calculating flux?

Volume change over time Signup and view all the answers

What is represented by $k.rac{ ext{n}C_W}{C_B}$ in Equation (4) for calculating flux?

Convective particle transport Signup and view all the answers