Chemical Carcinogenesis Terminology
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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to a physical or chemical agent that causes or induces malignant cells?

  • Carcinogen (correct)
  • Tumors
  • Genotoxic
  • Metastasis
  • What is the term for the spread of cancer beyond the organ of origin?

  • Genotoxic
  • Metastasis (correct)
  • Tumors
  • Nongenotoxic
  • Which type of carcinogens interact with DNA resulting in mutation?

  • Tumors
  • Genotoxic (correct)
  • Carcinogen
  • Nongenotoxic
  • What term is used for cancer cells that divide out of control and can invade and destroy nearby healthy tissue?

    <p>Malignant tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue has moderately increased cell growth but does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body?

    <p>Benign tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of cancer according to the given text?

    <p>Endogenous factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT reported as a linkage with cancer in the history of chemical carcinogenesis?

    <p>Exposure to asbestos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an exogenous carcinogen as per the text?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the multistage nature of chemical carcinogenesis, which stage involves the selective clonal expansion of the initiated cell to form a focal lesion?

    <p>Promotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of agents are bile acids and free oxygen radicals as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Endogenous carcinogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is genetic toxicology primarily concerned with?

    <p>Examining changes in DNA molecules of cells due to various factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a form of genetic damage covered by genetic toxicity?

    <p>RNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the central dogma of molecular biology describe?

    <p>Flow of genetic information within a biological system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

    <p>Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does genetic toxicology consider as a general term covering damage such as clastogenicity and aneuploidy?

    <p>Genotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of DNA in living organisms?

    <p>Storing and carrying genetic instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are chromosomes located in the cell?

    <p>In the cell nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a gene made up of?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mutagens?

    <p>Inducing changes in DNA called mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to changes caused by some factors in the genetic material in the cell nucleus?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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