Chemical Bonds and Melting Points

<p>Melting sugar weakens the intermolecular forces between sugar molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sand (SiO₂) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The physical state of a hydrocarbon at room temperature depends on its molecular size and structure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water (H₂O) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>123 g (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supersaturated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a specific temperature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium chloride (salt) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Milliliters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of moles of the solute and the volume of the solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of moles of the solute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A solution that contains more solute than it can normally hold at a given temperature. (A), A solution that is unstable and will eventually precipitate out excess solute. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contains the maximum amount of solute possible at the given temperature. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The solubility is directly proportional to the concentration of a saturated solution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hexane and wax are both nonpolar, while water is polar. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molecules are attracted to the ions in ionic compounds, pulling them apart. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saturated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contains more solute than the saturated amount, and it is unstable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They create temporary dipoles that allow nonpolar molecules to attract each other. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentration can be equal to, less than, or greater than solubility. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amount of solute that can dissolve will increase. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molecules form a hydration shell around the ions, effectively shielding them from each other. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.

Strong bonds formed by sharing electron pairs between atoms.

Forces between molecules, generally weaker than covalent bonds.

Bonds formed between positively and negatively charged ions.

Bonds in metals formed by a sea of freely moving electrons.

Solids where atoms are bonded in a continuous network; examples are diamond and graphite.

Molecules with an uneven distribution of charge, creating partial charges.

Strong intermolecular attraction between hydrogen and electronegative atoms like O, N, or F.

A colorless gas commonly used as fuel and a basic hydrocarbon.

Weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary shifts in electron density.

A prerequisite for solution formation; solute must be attracted to solvent.

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute at a specific temperature.

Ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvents by aligning water molecules with ions.

The distribution of electrical charge across molecules; determines solubility behavior.

A solution that contains less solute than the maximum amount that can dissolve.

A solution that contains more solute than it can typically dissolve under normal conditions.

Most ionic compounds increase in solubility with rising temperature.

Nonpolar molecules do not dissolve in polar solvents due to lack of charge attraction.

A graph that shows how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at different temperatures.

Generally, as temperature increases, the solubility of most ionic compounds also increases.

At 20°C, the maximum solubility of sodium nitrate is about 85 grams per 100 mL of water.

At 60°C, sodium nitrate can dissolve about 125 grams in 100 mL of water.

A measure of concentration defined as moles of solute per liter of solution.

To convert grams of a substance to moles, divide the grams by the molar mass of that substance.

The formula for calculating molarity: Molarity (M) = Moles of solute / Liters of solution.