Questions and Answers
Covalent bonds are formed between?
nonmetals
Why can a hydrogen atom form a covalent bond without fulfilling the octet rule?
Hydrogen's valence shell can hold only up to two electrons.
After a covalent bond has stabilized an atom, the atom will have?
a full valence electron shell.
What best explains how two oxygen atoms, each with six valence electrons, can bond with each other?
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What best explains whether bromine (Br) or neon (Ne) is more likely to form a covalent bond?
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In the compound cyanogen (CN)2, how many electrons are shared between one nitrogen atom and one carbon atom?
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What statement best describes the arrangement of the atoms in an ethylene molecule (C2H4)?
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Covalent bonds can be best described as?
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Which diagram shows how the covalent bonds most likely form in a phosphorous trichloride molecule?
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In carbon dioxide (CO2), each oxygen atom forms a double bond with carbon, so the molecule is formed by two double bonds sharing ________________.
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Covalent compounds are usually described as?
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Covalent compounds rarely conduct electricity well.
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Which is most likely a covalent compound?
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Which is most likely a covalent compound?
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Which elements can join with other elements to form covalent bonds? Check all that apply.
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What is the prefix for two?
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What is the prefix for three?
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What is the prefix for one?
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What is the prefix for four?
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What is the prefix for five?
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What is the prefix for six?
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Study Notes
Covalent Bonds Overview
- Covalent bonds form between nonmetals.
- Hydrogen can bond without fulfilling the octet rule as its valence shell holds only two electrons.
Electron Sharing and Valence Electrons
- A stable covalent bond results in a full valence electron shell for the involved atoms.
- Two oxygen atoms can bond by each sharing two electrons, allowing both to complete their octets.
- Bromine (Br), with seven valence electrons, can form covalent bonds, unlike neon (Ne), which has a complete octet.
Specific Compounds and Their Structures
- In cyanogen (CN)2, six electrons are shared between one nitrogen atom and one carbon atom.
- In ethylene (C2H4), two electrons are shared between each hydrogen and carbon atom, while four electrons are shared between the two carbon atoms.
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) comprises two double bonds formed by eight electrons shared among the bonding atoms.
Characteristics of Covalent Compounds
- Covalent bonds can be described as the combination of neutral atoms sharing electrons.
- Covalent compounds are typically brittle and rarely conduct electricity well.
Examples of Covalent Compounds
- CF4 (carbon tetrafluoride) and NH3 (ammonia) are examples of covalent compounds.
Elements that Form Covalent Bonds
- Elements such as carbon (C), hydrogen (H), iodine (I), and nitrogen (N) can participate in forming covalent bonds.
Prefixes for Molecular Compounds
- Common prefixes used in naming covalent compounds include:
- Di- for two
- Tri- for three
- Mono- for one
- Tetra- for four
- Penta- for five
- Hexa- for six
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