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Questions and Answers
Covalent bonds are formed between?
Covalent bonds are formed between?
nonmetals
Why can a hydrogen atom form a covalent bond without fulfilling the octet rule?
Why can a hydrogen atom form a covalent bond without fulfilling the octet rule?
Hydrogen's valence shell can hold only up to two electrons.
After a covalent bond has stabilized an atom, the atom will have?
After a covalent bond has stabilized an atom, the atom will have?
a full valence electron shell.
What best explains how two oxygen atoms, each with six valence electrons, can bond with each other?
What best explains how two oxygen atoms, each with six valence electrons, can bond with each other?
What best explains whether bromine (Br) or neon (Ne) is more likely to form a covalent bond?
What best explains whether bromine (Br) or neon (Ne) is more likely to form a covalent bond?
In the compound cyanogen (CN)2, how many electrons are shared between one nitrogen atom and one carbon atom?
In the compound cyanogen (CN)2, how many electrons are shared between one nitrogen atom and one carbon atom?
What statement best describes the arrangement of the atoms in an ethylene molecule (C2H4)?
What statement best describes the arrangement of the atoms in an ethylene molecule (C2H4)?
Covalent bonds can be best described as?
Covalent bonds can be best described as?
Which diagram shows how the covalent bonds most likely form in a phosphorous trichloride molecule?
Which diagram shows how the covalent bonds most likely form in a phosphorous trichloride molecule?
In carbon dioxide (CO2), each oxygen atom forms a double bond with carbon, so the molecule is formed by two double bonds sharing ________________.
In carbon dioxide (CO2), each oxygen atom forms a double bond with carbon, so the molecule is formed by two double bonds sharing ________________.
Covalent compounds are usually described as?
Covalent compounds are usually described as?
Covalent compounds rarely conduct electricity well.
Covalent compounds rarely conduct electricity well.
Which is most likely a covalent compound?
Which is most likely a covalent compound?
Which is most likely a covalent compound?
Which is most likely a covalent compound?
Which elements can join with other elements to form covalent bonds? Check all that apply.
Which elements can join with other elements to form covalent bonds? Check all that apply.
What is the prefix for two?
What is the prefix for two?
What is the prefix for three?
What is the prefix for three?
What is the prefix for one?
What is the prefix for one?
What is the prefix for four?
What is the prefix for four?
What is the prefix for five?
What is the prefix for five?
What is the prefix for six?
What is the prefix for six?
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Study Notes
Covalent Bonds Overview
- Covalent bonds form between nonmetals.
- Hydrogen can bond without fulfilling the octet rule as its valence shell holds only two electrons.
Electron Sharing and Valence Electrons
- A stable covalent bond results in a full valence electron shell for the involved atoms.
- Two oxygen atoms can bond by each sharing two electrons, allowing both to complete their octets.
- Bromine (Br), with seven valence electrons, can form covalent bonds, unlike neon (Ne), which has a complete octet.
Specific Compounds and Their Structures
- In cyanogen (CN)2, six electrons are shared between one nitrogen atom and one carbon atom.
- In ethylene (C2H4), two electrons are shared between each hydrogen and carbon atom, while four electrons are shared between the two carbon atoms.
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) comprises two double bonds formed by eight electrons shared among the bonding atoms.
Characteristics of Covalent Compounds
- Covalent bonds can be described as the combination of neutral atoms sharing electrons.
- Covalent compounds are typically brittle and rarely conduct electricity well.
Examples of Covalent Compounds
- CF4 (carbon tetrafluoride) and NH3 (ammonia) are examples of covalent compounds.
Elements that Form Covalent Bonds
- Elements such as carbon (C), hydrogen (H), iodine (I), and nitrogen (N) can participate in forming covalent bonds.
Prefixes for Molecular Compounds
- Common prefixes used in naming covalent compounds include:
- Di- for two
- Tri- for three
- Mono- for one
- Tetra- for four
- Penta- for five
- Hexa- for six
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