Chemical Bonds and Interatomic Bonds

Study Notes

Ionic Bond:
- Formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms
- Typically between a metal and a nonmetal
- Results in the formation of ions with opposite charges
Covalent Bond:
- Formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms
- Typically between two nonmetals
- Can be polar or nonpolar
Metallic Bond:
- Formed by the delocalization of electrons in a metal lattice
- Typically found in metals
- Results in a "sea of electrons" surrounding the metal atoms

Hydrogen Bond:
- A type of dipole-dipole force
- Formed between a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom (F, O, N) and another electronegative atom
- Relatively strong compared to other intermolecular bonds
Dipole-Dipole Force:
- Formed between two polar molecules
- Results from the attraction between the positive and negative ends of the dipoles
London Dispersion Force:
- Also known as van der Waals force
- Formed between two nonpolar molecules
- Results from the temporary dipoles that form in the molecules
Ion-Dipole Force:
- Formed between an ion and a polar molecule
- Results from the attraction between the ion and the dipole

Interatomic bonds are stronger than intermolecular bonds
Interatomic bonds hold atoms together in a molecule, while intermolecular bonds hold molecules together in a substance
Interatomic bonds are typically measured in units of kJ/mol, while intermolecular bonds are typically measured in units of J/mol

Ionic Bond:
- Formed by electron transfer between atoms, typically between metal and nonmetal
- Results in ions with opposite charges
Covalent Bond:
- Formed by electron sharing between atoms, typically between two nonmetals
- Can be polar or nonpolar
Metallic Bond:
- Formed by electron delocalization in a metal lattice, typically found in metals
- Results in a "sea of electrons" surrounding metal atoms

Also known as van der Waals bonds, formed between molecules, holding them together in a substance
Weaker than interatomic bonds

Hydrogen Bond:
- A type of dipole-dipole force, formed between hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom and another electronegative atom
- Relatively strong compared to other intermolecular bonds
Dipole-Dipole Force:
- Formed between two polar molecules, resulting from attraction between positive and negative ends of dipoles
London Dispersion Force:
- Also known as van der Waals force, formed between two nonpolar molecules
- Results from temporary dipoles that form in the molecules
Ion-Dipole Force:
- Formed between an ion and a polar molecule, resulting from attraction between ion and dipole

Interatomic bonds are stronger than intermolecular bonds
Interatomic bonds hold atoms together in a molecule, while intermolecular bonds hold molecules together in a substance
Interatomic bonds are typically measured in kJ/mol, while intermolecular bonds are typically measured in J/mol