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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of a chemical bond?
What is the primary purpose of a chemical bond?
Which of the following atoms is stable with 2 electrons in its valence shell?
Which of the following atoms is stable with 2 electrons in its valence shell?
What is the difference in electronegativities between atoms in an ionic bond?
What is the difference in electronegativities between atoms in an ionic bond?
Which type of bond occurs when a metal atom bonds with a non-metal atom?
Which type of bond occurs when a metal atom bonds with a non-metal atom?
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What is characteristic of a covalent bond?
What is characteristic of a covalent bond?
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What is an example of a non-polar covalent bond?
What is an example of a non-polar covalent bond?
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What is the characteristic of a polar covalent bond?
What is the characteristic of a polar covalent bond?
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What is a characteristic of metallic bonds?
What is a characteristic of metallic bonds?
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Study Notes
Types of Chemical Bonds
- A chemical bond is the union of two atoms, which can be the same or different, with the purpose of becoming stable.
Atomic Stability
- According to Lewis, atoms are stable when they have 8 electrons in their valence shell, except for hydrogen and helium, which are stable with 2 electrons.
Types of Chemical Bonds
- There are three types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, and metallic.
Ionic Bond
- An ionic bond occurs when a metal atom bonds with a non-metal atom.
- The difference in electronegativities between the atoms is greater than 1.7.
- One of the atoms loses an electron, which is attracted by the more electronegative atom.
- Example: sodium chloride (NaCl), where sodium loses an electron to chlorine.
Covalent Bond
- A covalent bond occurs when two non-metal atoms bond.
- The characteristic of a covalent bond is that neither atom loses or gains an electron, but instead, they share electrons.
- There are three types of covalent bonds: non-polar, polar, and coordinate.
Non-Polar Covalent Bond
- A non-polar covalent bond occurs when two identical atoms bond.
- Example: hydrogen molecule (H2), where two hydrogen atoms share electrons to become stable.
Polar Covalent Bond
- A polar covalent bond occurs when two different non-metal atoms bond.
- The difference in electronegativities between the atoms is greater than zero but less than 1.7.
- Example: water molecule (H2O), where oxygen attracts the electrons from hydrogen to complete its octet.
Metallic Bond
- A metallic bond occurs when metal atoms bond with each other.
- Metal atoms are bonded together, forming a "sea of electrons" that allows metals to conduct electricity, heat, and have a characteristic luster.
Chemical Bonds
- Chemical bonds form to achieve atomic stability, which is attained when atoms have 8 electrons in their valence shell (except for hydrogen and helium, which are stable with 2 electrons).
Types of Chemical Bonds
- There are three types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, and metallic.
Ionic Bonds
- Formed between a metal atom and a non-metal atom.
- Characterized by a large difference in electronegativities (>1.7) between the atoms.
- One atom loses an electron, which is attracted by the more electronegative atom.
- Example: sodium chloride (NaCl), where sodium loses an electron to chlorine.
Covalent Bonds
- Formed between two non-metal atoms.
- Characterized by sharing electrons between atoms.
- Three types of covalent bonds: non-polar, polar, and coordinate.
Non-Polar Covalent Bonds
- Formed between two identical atoms.
- Example: hydrogen molecule (H2), where two hydrogen atoms share electrons to become stable.
Polar Covalent Bonds
- Formed between two different non-metal atoms.
- Characterized by a difference in electronegativities (>0 but <1.7) between the atoms.
- Example: water molecule (H2O), where oxygen attracts electrons from hydrogen to complete its octet.
Metallic Bonds
- Formed between metal atoms.
- Characterized by a "sea of electrons" that allows metals to conduct electricity, heat, and have a characteristic luster.
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Description
Explore the concept of chemical bonds, atomic stability, and the different types of bonds, including ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds.
