Chemical Bonding Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is a chemical bond?

A force of repulsion between atoms

A reaction between molecules

A physical change in matter

A force of attraction between atoms (correct)

What type of bond involves the transfer of electrons?

Polar bond

Ionic bond (correct)

Metallic bond

Covalent bond

What is a cation?

A positively charged ion

What is an anion?

A negatively charged ion Signup and view all the answers

What is covalent bonding?

Bond where electron pairs are shared Signup and view all the answers

In which type of bonding are the bonding electrons shared equally?

Nonpolar covalent bonding Signup and view all the answers

What is a polar covalent bond?

A bond where electrons are not shared equally Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecule?

A neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecular compound?

A chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules Signup and view all the answers

What does a chemical formula indicate?

The relative numbers of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound Signup and view all the answers

What is an electron dot notation?

An electron-configuration notation showing valence electrons indicated by dots around an element's symbol Signup and view all the answers

What does a structural formula indicate?

The kind, number, arrangement, and bonds of atoms in a molecule Signup and view all the answers

What defines a single bond?

Sharing one pair of electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is a double bond?

A bond that shares two pairs of electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is a triple bond?

Sharing three pairs of electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is resonance in chemical bonding?

Bonding in molecules that cannot be represented by a single Lewis structure Signup and view all the answers

What is an ionic compound?

A compound composed of positive and negative ions with equal charges Signup and view all the answers

What is a formula unit?

The simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compound's formula can be established Signup and view all the answers

What is a polyatomic ion?

A charged group of covalently bonded atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is metallic bonding?

The bonding resulting from the attraction between metal atoms and surrounding sea of electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the sea of electrons?

A model explaining mobile valence electrons in metals Signup and view all the answers

What is malleability?

The ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into thin sheets Signup and view all the answers

What is ductility?

The ability of a substance to be drawn, pulled, or extruded to produce a wire Signup and view all the answers

What is luster?

The quality of giving off light or brilliance Signup and view all the answers

What are intermolecular forces?

Forces of attraction between molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is a dipole?

Created by equal but opposite charges separated by a short distance Signup and view all the answers

What is hydrogen bonding?

Attraction between a hydrogen in a dipole and the negative end of another molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is a coordinate covalent bond?

A covalent bond where the shared pair of electrons comes from the same atom Signup and view all the answers

What are Van der Waals forces?

Attractions between molecules due to unbalanced charges Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Bonding Concepts

Chemical bond: An attractive force between atoms, essential for the formation of compounds.
Ionic bond: Involves transfer of electrons from one atom to another, creating charged ions.
Cation: A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons.
Anion: A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons.

Types of Bonding

Covalent bonding: Involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
Nonpolar covalent bonding: Electrons are shared equally, resulting in a balanced distribution of charge.
Polar covalent bond: Electrons are shared unequally, leading to partial charges on the involved atoms.

Molecular Structures

Molecule: A neutral group of atoms bonded covalently.
Molecular compound: Composed of molecules as its simplest units, differing from ionic compounds.
Chemical formula: Represents the ratio of atoms in a compound using chemical symbols and subscripts.
Molecular formula: Displays the specific types and quantities of atoms in a single molecule.
Electron dot notation: Depicts valence electrons as dots around an element's symbol.

Structural Representations

Structural formula: Illustrates atom arrangements and bonds; shared pairs are represented by dashes.
Single bond: A covalent bond involving a single pair of shared electrons.
Double bond: Involves two pairs of shared electrons between two atoms.
Triple bond: Shares three pairs of electrons between atoms.

Advanced Concepts in Bonding

Resonance: Describes molecules or ions that cannot be represented adequately by a single Lewis structure.
Ionic compound: Composed of cations and anions in equal numbers to neutralize charge.
Formula unit: The simplest ratio of ions in an ionic compound established from its formula.
Polyatomic ion: A charged entity consisting of covalently bonded atoms with an overall charge.

Characteristics of Metallic Bonding

Metallic bonding: Occurs due to the attraction between metal atoms and their delocalized sea of electrons.
Sea of electrons: Refers to the mobility of valence electrons in metals, contributing to conductivity.
Malleability: The capacity of a substance to be shaped into thin sheets.
Ductility: The ability to be stretched and formed into wires.

Physical Properties of Molecules

Luster: Reflects the ability of a substance to emit light, contributing to its brilliance.
Intermolecular forces: Attraction forces existing between molecules that influence physical properties.
Dipole: Formed by opposing charges separated by a short distance, contributing to molecular polarity.
Hydrogen bonding: A strong intermolecular attraction occurring between a hydrogen atom and a more electronegative atom.

Miscellaneous Bonding Types

Coordinate covalent bond: A type of covalent bond where both electrons in the bond originate from the same atom.
Van der Waals forces: Weak attractions between molecules resulting from temporary dipoles due to unbalanced charges.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key terms related to chemical bonding with these flashcards. Learn about different types of bonds, ions, and the nature of electron interactions. Perfect for chemistry students looking to reinforce their understanding of bonding concepts.