Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of an ionic bond?
What is the primary characteristic of an ionic bond?
Which geometry corresponds to a molecule with four bonded pairs and no lone pairs?
Which geometry corresponds to a molecule with four bonded pairs and no lone pairs?
Which theory describes the formation of sigma and pi bonds due to the overlapping of atomic orbitals?
Which theory describes the formation of sigma and pi bonds due to the overlapping of atomic orbitals?
According to Fajan's Rule, which factor increases the polarization in an ionic bond?
According to Fajan's Rule, which factor increases the polarization in an ionic bond?
Signup and view all the answers
What does bond order indicate in a chemical bond?
What does bond order indicate in a chemical bond?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Chemical Bonding
-
Ionic Bond: Formed by transferring electrons from a metal to a non-metal, creating oppositely charged ions (cation and anion) that are attracted to each other. An ionic lattice is a 3-dimensional arrangement of ions. Factors like electronegativity, electronegativity difference, and ionization energy affect the formation.
-
Covalent Bond: Formed by sharing electrons between non-metals. Electrons are shared to achieve a stable electron configuration. A covalent compound can be polar or non-polar depending on shared electron distribution. Distortion of electron cloud around atoms affects characteristics of the covalent bond. Polarization, or distortion of the electron cloud in ionic bonds, is influenced by the size of the cation (small) and anion (large). A larger anion has more polarizability.
-
Fajan's Rule: Explains conditions for polarization in ionic bonds. Small cations and large anions are more polarizing.
-
VESPR Theory: Used to explain the geometry of molecules. Molecule shape results from minimizing repulsion between electron pairs (bonding and lone) around a central atom.
-
VBT (Valence Bond Theory): Explains the formation of bonds through overlap of atomic orbitals. Sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds are formed by axial and lateral overlap, respectively. Sigma overlap is stronger than pi overlap.
-
MOT (Molecular Orbital Theory): Atomic orbitals combine to form molecular orbitals in molecules. Bond strength and order are related to the number of electrons in bonding molecular orbitals.
Geometry of Molecules
- Linear: Two bonding pairs around central atom.
- Trigonal Planar: Three bonding pairs around central atom.
- Tetrahedral: Four bonding pairs around central atom.
- Bent/V-shaped: Two bonding and one or more lone pairs.
- Trigonal Pyramidal: Three bonding pairs and one lone pair.
- Trigonal Bipyramidal: Five bonding pairs.
Hybridization
- Hybridization: Mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals. The number of hybrid orbitals equals the number of atomic orbitals mixed. Combination of atomic orbitals shapes hybrid orbitals.
- Steric number: Sum of bonding and lone pairs around a central atom.
Bond Order
- Bond Order: Measure of the strength or stability of a chemical bond. Represents the number of electron pairs shared between two atoms.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the fundamentals of chemical bonding in this quiz, covering ionic and covalent bonds, their characteristics, and key theories like VSEPR and Fajan's Rule. Understand how electron transfer and sharing lead to the formation of stable compounds, and how ion sizes influence polarization. Test your knowledge of these essential chemistry concepts.
