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Questions and Answers
Which type of bonding is characterized by the sharing of electrons between two non-metal atoms?
Which type of bonding is characterized by the sharing of electrons between two non-metal atoms?
- Ionic bonding
- Metallic bonding
- Hydrogen bonding
- Covalent bonding (correct)
Simple molecular substances are generally good conductors of electricity due to the mobility of their electrons.
Simple molecular substances are generally good conductors of electricity due to the mobility of their electrons.
False (B)
What is the name given to different forms of the same element in the same physical state?
What is the name given to different forms of the same element in the same physical state?
Allotropes
An alloy is a mixture of a metal with one or more other ________.
An alloy is a mixture of a metal with one or more other ________.
Match the following ions with their chemical formulas:
Match the following ions with their chemical formulas:
Which of the following describes the process of a solid changing directly into a gas?
Which of the following describes the process of a solid changing directly into a gas?
An ionic compound is unable to conduct electricity when it is in a solid state.
An ionic compound is unable to conduct electricity when it is in a solid state.
What characteristic distinguishes giant covalent structures from simple molecular structures?
What characteristic distinguishes giant covalent structures from simple molecular structures?
The $R_f$ value in paper chromatography is calculated as the distance travelled by the substance divided by the distance travelled by the ________.
The $R_f$ value in paper chromatography is calculated as the distance travelled by the substance divided by the distance travelled by the ________.
What is the primary difference between a compound and a mixture?
What is the primary difference between a compound and a mixture?
Flashcards
Sublimation
Sublimation
Solid changing directly to gas.
Ionic compound properties
Ionic compound properties
High strength bonds, conducts electricity when liquid, high melting/boiling points.
Covalent bonding
Covalent bonding
Bonding via shared electrons between non-metals.
Ionic bonding
Ionic bonding
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Metallic bonding
Metallic bonding
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Allotropes
Allotropes
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Alloy
Alloy
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Nanoparticles size
Nanoparticles size
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Mixture
Mixture
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Rf value
Rf value
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Study Notes
- Sublimation is the process of a substance changing from a solid to a gas.
Ionic Compounds
- Feature high strength bonds.
- Conduct electricity when liquid.
- Have high melting and boiling points.
Common Ions
- Hydroxide: OH-
- Sulphate: SO42-
- Nitrate: NO3-
- Carbonate: CO32-
- Aluminium: NH4+
Types of Bonding
- Covalent Bonding: Sharing of electrons between non-metals.
- Ionic Bonding: Occurs between non-metals and metals.
- Metallic Bonding: Occurs between metals.
Simple Molecular Substances
- Cannot conduct electricity.
- Have low melting and boiling points.
Giant Covalent Structures
- Possess high melting and boiling points.
- Generally, cannot conduct electricity, except for graphite.
- Every atom is connected by strong covalent bonds.
Allotropes
- Different forms of the same element in the same state.
Graphite
- Each carbon atom is bonded to 3 others.
- One electron is delocalized, allowing it to conduct electricity.
- It is made up of layers of graphene.
Diamond
- Each carbon atom is bonded to 4 others.
Fullerenes
- Allotropes of carbon.
- Possess a high surface area to volume ratio.
Buckminsterfullerene
- C60 is an example of a fullerene.
Alloy
- A metal combined with one or more other elements.
- Tend to have higher strength than pure metals.
Nanoparticles
- Size ranges from 1nm to 100nm.
Molecules
- Made of 2 or more atoms.
- Held together by chemical bonds.
Compounds
- Made from 2 or more different elements.
- Chemically bonded together.
Mixtures
- Contains 2 or more substances.
- Not chemically combined.
Formulations
- Useful mixtures designed for specific purposes.
Solubility
- Insoluble: Solids that cannot dissolve.
- Soluble: Solids that can dissolve in liquids.
Paper Chromatography
- Used to separate mixtures of soluble substances in liquids.
- The baseline should not be submerged in the solvent.
- Rf value = Distance travelled by the substance / Distance travelled by the solvent.
Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)
- The average mass of all the isotopes of that element.
Formula Mass (Mr)
- Add up the relative atomic masses (Ar) of the elements in the formula.
Molecular vs Empirical Formula
- Molecular Formula: Actual number of atoms in a molecule (e.g., C6H18O3).
- Empirical Formula: Simplest whole number ratio of elements (e.g., C2H6O).
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