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What is the main carbohydrate storage form in plants?
What is the main carbohydrate storage form in plants?
Glycogen is primarily stored in plants.
Glycogen is primarily stored in plants.
False
What are the main elements present in proteins?
What are the main elements present in proteins?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
What percentage of the mature human body is composed of proteins?
What percentage of the mature human body is composed of proteins?
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The test for starch involves adding iodine solution, which produces a ______ color when starch is present.
The test for starch involves adding iodine solution, which produces a ______ color when starch is present.
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Glycine is the most complex amino acid.
Glycine is the most complex amino acid.
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Match the following carbohydrate tests with their expected results:
Match the following carbohydrate tests with their expected results:
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Name one food that is rich in proteins.
Name one food that is rich in proteins.
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Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?
Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?
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Proteins are made up of polymerized _____ molecules.
Proteins are made up of polymerized _____ molecules.
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Glucose is classified as a monosaccharide.
Glucose is classified as a monosaccharide.
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Match the following functions of proteins with their corresponding significance:
Match the following functions of proteins with their corresponding significance:
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Which of the following statements is true regarding essential amino acids?
Which of the following statements is true regarding essential amino acids?
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What color indicates a positive result for monosaccharides in the Benedict test?
What color indicates a positive result for monosaccharides in the Benedict test?
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Proteins can serve as antibodies to protect the body against microorganisms.
Proteins can serve as antibodies to protect the body against microorganisms.
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The R group in an amino acid structure represents a group containing both _____ and _____ atoms.
The R group in an amino acid structure represents a group containing both _____ and _____ atoms.
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What is the structural unit of DNA?
What is the structural unit of DNA?
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RNA is primarily involved in the storage of genetic information in organisms.
RNA is primarily involved in the storage of genetic information in organisms.
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What is the role of DNA in organisms?
What is the role of DNA in organisms?
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The two main types of nucleic acids are _____ and _____.
The two main types of nucleic acids are _____ and _____.
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Match the following nucleic acids to their functions:
Match the following nucleic acids to their functions:
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Which of the following is NOT a function of nucleic acids?
Which of the following is NOT a function of nucleic acids?
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Mutations in DNA can contribute to evolution.
Mutations in DNA can contribute to evolution.
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What color change occurs when anhydrous cobalt chloride comes into contact with water?
What color change occurs when anhydrous cobalt chloride comes into contact with water?
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Which mineral constitutes the largest percentage of body weight among minerals?
Which mineral constitutes the largest percentage of body weight among minerals?
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Water is an important transport medium for nutrients, vitamins, and hormones in the body.
Water is an important transport medium for nutrients, vitamins, and hormones in the body.
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What is the main benefit of water having a high specific heat capacity?
What is the main benefit of water having a high specific heat capacity?
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The density of water is _____ than that of ice, allowing ice to float.
The density of water is _____ than that of ice, allowing ice to float.
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Match the following minerals with their primary roles in the organism:
Match the following minerals with their primary roles in the organism:
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What is a deficiency symptom of Potassium?
What is a deficiency symptom of Potassium?
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Sodium is essential for maintaining osmotic pressure in cells.
Sodium is essential for maintaining osmotic pressure in cells.
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What mineral is primarily involved in blood clotting?
What mineral is primarily involved in blood clotting?
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Iron is necessary for the synthesis of ________.
Iron is necessary for the synthesis of ________.
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Match the following minerals with their corresponding deficiency symptoms:
Match the following minerals with their corresponding deficiency symptoms:
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Which mineral is a key component of nucleic acid?
Which mineral is a key component of nucleic acid?
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A deficiency in Iodine can limit body height.
A deficiency in Iodine can limit body height.
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What deficiency symptom is associated with Magnesium?
What deficiency symptom is associated with Magnesium?
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Which vitamin is essential for delaying blood clotting?
Which vitamin is essential for delaying blood clotting?
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Vitamin C is primarily responsible for controlling the absorption of calcium and phosphorous.
Vitamin C is primarily responsible for controlling the absorption of calcium and phosphorous.
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What is the deficiency condition caused by a lack of Vitamin C?
What is the deficiency condition caused by a lack of Vitamin C?
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Vitamin E is involved in the growth of tissues and ______.
Vitamin E is involved in the growth of tissues and ______.
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Match the vitamin to its function:
Match the vitamin to its function:
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Which deficiency symptoms are associated with Vitamin E?
Which deficiency symptoms are associated with Vitamin E?
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Minerals and vitamins are necessary only in large amounts for the body.
Minerals and vitamins are necessary only in large amounts for the body.
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List one vitamin involved in the synthesis of red blood cells.
List one vitamin involved in the synthesis of red blood cells.
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Study Notes
Chemical Basis of Life
- Living organisms are composed of various chemical compounds formed from naturally occurring elements
- About 25 elements are essential for living organisms, out of the 92 naturally existing elements
- The most common elements in living organisms are Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), and Nitrogen (N). Others include Sulfur, Phosphorous, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, and Chlorine.
- Figure 1.1 shows the percentages of these elements in the human body.
Chemical Compounds
- Chemical compounds in living organisms are categorized into organic and inorganic compounds
- Organic compounds contain Carbon (C)
- Inorganic compounds do not contain Carbon (C)
- Biological molecules are organic compounds that make up living organisms
- There are four types of biological molecules: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic acids.
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic compounds on Earth
- They are produced during photosynthesis in green plants
- Examples of foods containing carbohydrates include potato, sweet potato, grains, sugar, flour
- The main elements composing carbohydrates are Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O), in a 2:1 ratio of Hydrogen to Oxygen
- The common molecular formula for carbohydrates is Cx(H2O)y
- Carbohydrates can be classified into three groups based on their structure: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides
- Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, also known as simple sugars
- They are crystalline, sweet, and water-soluble
- Examples include Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose
Disaccharides
- Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides combine
- A water molecule is released during this process
- Examples include Maltose, Sucrose, and Lactose
Polysaccharides
- Polysaccharides are formed from many monosaccharides linked together
- They are insoluble in water and not crystalline
- Examples include Starch, Cellulose, and Glycogen
Proteins
- Proteins are fundamental components of living cells
- They consist of 17% of the human body's dry weight
- Proteins are composed of amino acids linked together in chains
- Twenty different amino acids are essential for making proteins
- Some amino acids cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained through diet
Lipids
- Fats and oils belong to this group
- Lipids are solid at room temperature, and liquids at room temperature are known as oils
- Lipids contain Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O)
- Lipids are insoluble in water (polar solvents); however, they are soluble in organic solvents
- Lipids react with fatty acids and glycerol to form lipids
- Lipids serve various functions including energy storage, structural components of cell membranes, and hormone production
Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids are crucial biological macromolecules
- They are composed of nucleotides
- Nucleotides contain carbon (C), hydrogen(H), oxygen(O), nitrogen(N), and phosphorus(P)
- There are two major types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA.
Vitamins
- Vitamins are organic compounds essential for various bodily functions
- Vitamins can be classified as water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins
- Different vitamin types have different functions and deficiencies can result in different symptoms.
Minerals
- Minerals are essential inorganic elements needed in varying amounts
- Minerals are absorbed as macro elements (in larger amounts) or as trace elements (in smaller amounts)
- Deficiencies in certain mineral intake can produce distinct symptoms.
Water
- Water is an inorganic compound
- It is the highest proportion of the body mass in most living organisms
- Water serves as a crucial medium for biological reactions
- The specific properties of water contribute to life processes
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Description
Explore the essential elements and compounds that make up living organisms. This quiz delves into the classification of chemical compounds into organic and inorganic, along with an overview of biological molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
