Chemical and Electrical Calculations Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does ppm stand for in concentration calculations?

  • Parts per million (correct)
  • Parts per measurement
  • Pulses per minute
  • Pressure per meter

Which formula is used to calculate the Time Weighted Average (TWA) concentration?

  • TWA = (C₁ + C₂) / T
  • TWA = (C × T) / T
  • TWA = C / T
  • TWA = (C₁ × T₁) + (C₂ × T₂) + ... / (T₁ + T₂ + ...) (correct)

What does TLV stand for in the context of chemical exposure?

  • Threshold Limit Value (correct)
  • Toxic Limit Value
  • Total Loss Value
  • True Lab Value

In the Combined Gas Law, what does the variable P represent?

<p>Pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation V = IR represent in electrical formulas?

<p>Voltage equals Current times Resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the LFL formula for a mixture?

<p>LFL = 1 / (f₁/LFL₁ + f₂/LFL₂ + ...) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In electrical systems, what does RSERIES denote?

<p>Total resistance in a series circuit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 10 moles of oxygen were consumed in the oxidation process, how many grams of CO2 would be produced?

<p>440 grams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the new pressure in a 5L gas cylinder if it heats from 65°F to 110°F while maintaining a constant volume?

<p>3100 psig (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the decay constant for 226Ra if its half-life is 1.36 × 10^-11 Bq per second?

<p>1.36 × 10^-10 Bq (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long will it take for a 1600-µCurie source of Ruthenium (Ru) to reduce to 100 μCurie?

<p>1 year (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a tank atmosphere contains 76% ambient air and 24% hydrocarbons, what is the oxygen content of the tank?

<p>19.04% oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate the area of a circle?

<p>πr² (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of radiation is most penetrating?

<p>Neutron radiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the half-life of a radionuclide?

<p>T1/2 = 0.693 / k (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the formula for volumetric flow rate Q = AV, what does A represent?

<p>Cross-sectional area of the duct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship stated by sin A = sin B / sin C?

<p>It is a ratio of sides of a triangle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which shielding material is effective against alpha radiation?

<p>Paper (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula is used to calculate the velocity of gases in a duct?

<p>V = 4005Ce SP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the constant In 2 approximate in calculations involving radioactivity?

<p>0.693 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which type of radiation would light metals like aluminum be an effective shielding material?

<p>Beta radiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for Capture Velocity when dealing with hoods without flanges?

<p>V = Q / (10x² + A) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does WBGT stand for in the context of heat stress formulas?

<p>Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the total sound pressure level Lpt generated by N sources calculated?

<p>Lpt = 20log10(Σ₁ᴺ¹10⁰.₁ᴸᴾᶦ) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the formula for Lw, what does W represent?

<p>Sound power in watts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 3-dB rule in noise exposure?

<p>It halves the sound pressure for every 3 dB increase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable A represent in the Capture Velocity formula?

<p>Cross-sectional area of the hood opening (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable λ represent in the context of reliability?

<p>Failure rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation provides the formula for calculating the z-score?

<p>Z = (X - μ) / σ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Outdoor Formula for WBGT, which variable represents Dry Bulb temperature?

<p>DB (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable P₀ represent in the sound pressure level formula?

<p>Reference sound pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the NIOSH Lifting Equation, what does RWL stand for?

<p>Recommended Weight Limit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the formula L = 20log10(P/P₀) calculate?

<p>Sound pressure level in decibels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Poisson distribution?

<p>To model the number of events in a fixed interval (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the Volumetric Flow Rate (Q) measured?

<p>In cubic feet per minute [cfm] (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula calculates the sample standard deviation?

<p>S = √ (Σx² / (n-1)) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In unit conversions, how many grams are in 1 kilogram?

<p>1000 grams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable P represent in the equation for combinations?

<p>Number of combinations possible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable 'd' stand for in the pressure velocity formula?

<p>Internal diameter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects the angle of asymmetry in the NIOSH Lifting Equation?

<p>Angular displacement of the load (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation is used to calculate the reliability function R(t)?

<p>R(t) = e⁻λᵗ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

ppm (parts per million)

A concentration unit that is used to express the amount of a substance per million parts of air, water, or other medium.

TWA (Time Weighted Average)

The time-weighted average (TWA) is a measure of the average concentration of a substance over a specific period of time.

LFL (Lower Flammable Limit)

The lower flammable limit (LFL) is the lowest concentration of a flammable gas or vapor in air that can be ignited by a source of ignition.

TLV (Threshold Limit Value)

Threshold Limit Value (TLV) is the maximum concentration of a substance in the air that a worker can be exposed to for an eight-hour day and a forty-hour week without adverse health effects.

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Combined Gas Law (Charles and Boyle)

A law that combines Boyle's law and Charles's law to describe the behavior of gases in terms of pressure, volume, and temperature.

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Voltage (V)

Voltage (V) is the electrical potential difference between two points.

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Resistance (R)

Resistance (R) is the opposition to the flow of electrical current.

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Radioactivity (A)

The amount of radiation remaining after a certain amount of time. It is measured in Becquerels (Bq).

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Half-life (T1/2)

The time it takes for half of the radioactive material to decay. It is measured in seconds, minutes, hours, days, or years.

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Disintegration Constant (k)

The rate at which a radioactive substance decays. It is measured in reciprocal seconds (s⁻¹).

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Intensity (I)

The measurement of the energy intensity of a radiation source.

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Distance (d)

The distance from a radiation source. It is measured in meters (m).

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Volumetric Flow Rate (Q)

The rate at which the volume of a substance moves through a duct. It is measured in cubic feet per minute (cfm).

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Static Pressure (SP)

The amount of pressure exerted by the weight of the air above a certain point.

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Velocity Pressure (VP)

The amount of pressure exerted by the movement of the air through a duct.

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Total Pressure (TP)

The total pressure exerted by the air in a duct. It is the sum of the Static Pressure (SP) and Velocity Pressure (VP).

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Capture Velocity (V)

The velocity of air entering the hood, measured at a point directly in front of the hood opening.

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Cross-Sectional Area (A)

The cross-sectional area of the hood opening, measured in square feet.

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Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT)

A weighted average of the wet bulb and globe temperatures, used to estimate the overall heat stress in an environment.

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Wet Bulb Temperature (WB)

The temperature of a wet bulb thermometer, which measures the rate of evaporation.

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Globe Temperature (GT)

The temperature measured by a black globe thermometer, which absorbs radiant heat.

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Sound Power Level (Lw)

The measure of sound intensity, expressed in decibels (dB).

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Sound Pressure Level (Lp)

The measure of sound pressure, expressed in decibels (dB).

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Total Sound Pressure Level (Lpt)

The combined sound pressure level from multiple noise sources.

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What is the pH scale used for?

The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. A pH of 7 is neutral, a pH below 7 is acidic, and a pH above 7 is alkaline. It is a logarithmic scale, meaning that each unit change in pH represents a tenfold change in acidity or alkalinity.

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What is the TWA concentration?

The time-weighted average (TWA) concentration is the average concentration of a substance over a specific period of time. It is calculated by multiplying the concentration of the substance for each time period by the length of that time period, then adding up these values and dividing by the total time period.

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What is the half-life of a radioactive substance?

The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes for half of the radioactive material to decay. It is measured in seconds, minutes, hours, days, or years. Radioactive decay is a natural process where the nucleus of an atom spontaneously breaks down, releasing energy in the form of radiation.

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What is the decay constant of a radioactive substance?

The decay constant for a radioactive substance is the rate at which it decays. It is measured in reciprocal seconds (s⁻¹). It represents the probability of an atom decaying in a given time interval. The larger the decay constant, the faster the substance decays.

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What is the half-value thickness of a material?

The half-value thickness of a material for a specific radiation source is the thickness of the material required to reduce the intensity of the radiation by half. It's like a shield absorbing half of the radiation with each layer.

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r (rate)

The number of observed events or rate in a Poisson distribution.

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λ (lambda)

The expected number of events or the baseline in a Poisson distribution.

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t (time)

The time period over which events are observed in a Poisson distribution.

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Correlation coefficient (r)

A statistical measure that describes the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables.

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Sample standard deviation (S)

The standard deviation of a sample, a measure of how spread out data points are around the mean.

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Population standard deviation (σ)

The standard deviation of a population, a measure of how spread out the data points are around the mean.

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Z-score (Z)

A standardized score that tells how many standard deviations a data point is away from the mean.

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P₁ (Probability of failure)

The probability of an event not happening, also known as the failure probability.

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R(t) (Reliability)

The probability that a system will function correctly for a specified duration.

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R(t) = e⁻λᵗ

The formula used to calculate the reliability of a system over a specified time period.

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Study Notes

ASP Math Equations and Formulas

  • Concentrations of Vapors and Gases Formulas:

    • ppm = mg/m³ x 24.45 / MW
    • ppm = parts per million in concentration
    • mg/m³ = milligrams/cubic meter
    • MW = Molecular Weight of the substance

  • Time Weighted Average (TWA):

    • TWA = [(C₁ × T₁) + (C₂ × T₂) + ... + (Cₓ × Tₓ)] / (T₁ + T₂ + ... + Tₓ)
    • C = Concentration of chemical
    • T = Time of exposure

  • Lower Flammable Limit (LFL) of a Mixture:

    • 1/LFLm = Σ(fᵢ/LFLᵢ)
    • LFLm = Lower Flammable Limit of a mixture or solvent
    • fᵢ = fraction by weight

  • Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of a Mixture:

    • 1/TLVmix = Σ(fᵢ/TLVᵢ)
    • TLVmix = Threshold Limit Value of a mixture
    • fᵢ = fraction by weight (% expressed as a decimal 0.XX)

Electrical Formulas

  • V = IR or E = IR

    • E or V = Voltage
    • I = Current (Amperage)
    • R = Resistance (Ohms)

  • RSERIES = R₁ + R₂ + ... + Rₙ

    • R = Resistance (Ohms)

  • P = VI or P = EI

    • P = Power (Watts)
    • I = Current (Amperage)
    • E or V = Voltage

  • 1/RPARALLEL = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + ... + 1/Rₙ

    • R = Resistance (Ohms)

Radiation Formulas

  • N = N₀e⁻ᵏᵗ

    • N = radioactivity remaining after time t
    • N₀ = radioactivity at a given original time
    • t = elapsed time
    • k = disintegration constant
    • e = second function natural log

  • A = A₀e⁻ᵏᵗ

    • A = radioactivity remaining after time t
    • A₀ = radioactivity at a given original time
    • t = elapsed time
    • k = disintegration constant

  • T₁/₂ = In2 / k

    • T₁/₂ = half-life of the radionuclide
    • k = Disintegration constant
    • In2 = 0.693 (natural log of 2)

Area and Volume Formulas

  • Circumference of a circle = 2πr or πd
  • Area of a circle = πr² or πd²/4
  • Area of a rectangle = length × width
  • Area of a triangle = 1/2 × base × height
  • Volume of a tank = πr²h or πd²h/4
  • Volume of a cube = length × width × height

Trigonometry Functions

  • sin A = a/c
  • cos A = b/c
  • tan A = a/b
  • a² + b² = c² (Pythagorean Theorem)

Engineering Control Calculations

  • Q = AV (Q = Volumetric Flow Rate, A = Cross-Sectional Area, V = Velocity)

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Description

Test your knowledge on various calculations related to chemistry and electrical systems. This quiz covers topics such as concentration measures, gas laws, decay constants, and electrical formulas. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of these scientific principles.

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