Chemical Analysis I: Course Overview

• Chemical Analysis I is the title of the presentation.
• The presentation includes a general overview.
• The professor for the course is Filipe Areias.
• The course is divided into 10 units.

Evaluation Criteria:

• Midterm exam accounts for 30% of the final evaluation.
• Final exam accounts for 30% of the final evaluation.
• Continuous assessment (Research work) accounts for 10% of the final evaluation.
• Laboratory work accounts for 30% of the final evaluation.

Course Units:

• Unit 1: Introduction to Chemical Analysis
• Unit 2: Methods of Classic Analysis: titrimetry and gravimetry
• Unit 3: Equilibrium of acid-base: titrimetry acid-base
• Unit 4: Equilibrium of complexes formation: titrimetry of complexes formation
• Unit 5: Equilibrium of solubility: precipitation titrimetry and gravimetric analysis
• Unit 6: Equilibrium of oxidation-reduction: titrimetry of oxidation-reduction
• Unit 7: Introduction to sample preparation
• Unit 8: Qualitative Analytical chemistry
• Unit 9: Identification of cations
• Unit 10: Identification of anions

Exam Regulations:

• Recovery exams cannot be taken solely to improve a passing grade.
• Passing a recovery exam raises the student's grade to 6.0, the minimum passing grade.
• Students can only take a recovery exam if their course grade is 4.8 or higher.
• Recovery options are unavailable for the third enrollment.

Research Work:

• Filipe Miguel Areias is a Professor of Chemistry at Universidad de Yachay.

Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemical Analysis

• Chemistry is the study of matter, including its composition, structure, physical properties, and reactivity.
• Chemistry is traditionally divided into five fields: Organic chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Biochemistry, Physical chemistry, and Analytical chemistry (Chemical analysis).
• Analytical chemists improve established analytical methods.
• Chemical analysis performs a routine analytical analysis on a routine sample.
• Analytical chemistry is responsible for characterizing the composition of matter both qualitatively (identifying what is present) and quantitatively (determining how much is present).
• Qualitative Analysis addresses whether a particular analyte is present in a sample
• Quantitative analysis addresses how much of the analyte is present in the sample
• Chemical identification determines the identity of an unknown chemical in a sample
• Structural analysis determines the atomic/molecular mass, composition, or structure of the analyte
• Property characterization determines the chemical or physical properties of the analyte

Sample Components:

• Major components range from 1-100%
• Minor components range from 0.01-1%
• Trace components are less than 0.01% (100 ppm)

Analytical Techniques Categories:

• Classical methods include gravimetric analysis and titrations
• Separation techniques
• Spectroscopic techniques
• Electrochemical techniques
• Instrumental methods
• Other techniques include mass spectroscopy, thermal methods, and surface analysis.

General Classification of Analytical Techniques:

• Gravimetric techniques measure the weight of a pure analyte or a stoichiometric compound containing it.
• Volumetric techniques measure the volume of a standard reagent solution reacting with the analyte.
• Spectrometric techniques measure the intensity of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by the analyte.
• Electrochemical techniques measure electrical properties of analyte solutions.
• Radiochemical techniques measure the intensity of nuclear radiations emitted by the analyte.
• Mass spectrometric techniques measure the abundance of molecular fragments derived from the analyte.
• Chromatographic techniques measure physico-chemical properties of individual analytes after separation.
• Fresenius' analytical scheme for gravimetric analysis of Ni in ores takes approximately 44 hours to complete after digesting a sample
• Gravimetric analysis of nickel in ores by precipitating Ni(dmg)₂ takes approximately 4 hours after digesting the sample
• Atomic absorption spectrometry used for analyzing nickel in ores
• The factor of 0.2301 in the equation for %Ni accounts for the difference in the formula weights for Ni and Ni(dmg)₂
• Analytical chemistry does not perform a routine analysis on a routine sample, which is more appropriately called chemical analysis
• The craft of analytical chemistry improves established analytical methods and extends existing analytical methods to new types of samples
• Analytical methods have six stages: Conception, successful demonstration, establishment of capabilities, widespread acceptance, continued development, and obsolescence.
• Analytical chemistry is inventing/applying concepts, principles, and strategies to measure characteristics of chemical systems
• Analytical chemists improve the ability of all chemists to make measurements on smaller, on more complex samples, on shorter time scales and on species present at lower concentrations.
• Analytical chemistry has provided many of the tools and methods necessary to research traditional chemistry areas: biochemistry, medicinal, clinical, toxicology, forensic, geochemistry
• Common applications are biotechnology, food science, basic research, forensic science, clinical , polymer, pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, agrichemicals, environmental , industrial process, product quality, materials , surface.