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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of a titrant in volumetric titration?
What is the primary purpose of a titrant in volumetric titration?
Which property is NOT desirable for a standard solution used in titrimetry?
Which property is NOT desirable for a standard solution used in titrimetry?
What does the equivalence point in a titration signify?
What does the equivalence point in a titration signify?
Which factor is crucial for determining the titration error?
Which factor is crucial for determining the titration error?
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What function does an indicator serve in volumetric titration?
What function does an indicator serve in volumetric titration?
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In titrimetry, how would you define a 'standard solution'?
In titrimetry, how would you define a 'standard solution'?
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Which of the following best describes the end point of a titration?
Which of the following best describes the end point of a titration?
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What is the molar mass of Fe3O4?
What is the molar mass of Fe3O4?
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What does the Ksp for AgCl represent in the context of titration?
What does the Ksp for AgCl represent in the context of titration?
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In a titration curve, what does a sigmoidal curve typically indicate?
In a titration curve, what does a sigmoidal curve typically indicate?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of linear segment curves in titration?
Which of the following is a characteristic of linear segment curves in titration?
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At what volume of Ag+ solution addition does the equivalence point occur?
At what volume of Ag+ solution addition does the equivalence point occur?
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What is the main reason for using back titration?
What is the main reason for using back titration?
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Which of the following is NOT an important property of a primary standard?
Which of the following is NOT an important property of a primary standard?
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What mass of Na2CO3 is required to prepare 500 mL of a 0.01 M solution?
What mass of Na2CO3 is required to prepare 500 mL of a 0.01 M solution?
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How many moles of HCl would react with 5.83 x 10^-4 moles of Ba(OH)2?
How many moles of HCl would react with 5.83 x 10^-4 moles of Ba(OH)2?
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What is the correct dilution procedure to prepare approximately 0.25 M HClO4 from a concentrated reagent with a specific gravity of 1.67?
What is the correct dilution procedure to prepare approximately 0.25 M HClO4 from a concentrated reagent with a specific gravity of 1.67?
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What is the molarity of the KMnO4 solution used in the titration of Na2C2O4 if 0.2121 g of Na2C2O4 is titrated with 43.31 mL of KMnO4?
What is the molarity of the KMnO4 solution used in the titration of Na2C2O4 if 0.2121 g of Na2C2O4 is titrated with 43.31 mL of KMnO4?
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How much AgNO3 mass is needed to prepare 2.000 L of a 0.0500 M solution?
How much AgNO3 mass is needed to prepare 2.000 L of a 0.0500 M solution?
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What is the primary calculation method for determining moles from a given mass?
What is the primary calculation method for determining moles from a given mass?
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How would you prepare a 0.00500 M solution from a stock solution?
How would you prepare a 0.00500 M solution from a stock solution?
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What calculation method would you use to determine the concentration of a solution after dilution?
What calculation method would you use to determine the concentration of a solution after dilution?
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What is the balanced equation for the reaction between Ba(OH)2 and HCl?
What is the balanced equation for the reaction between Ba(OH)2 and HCl?
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What is the volume of 71% HClO4 needed to prepare 2.0 L of approximately 0.25 M solution?
What is the volume of 71% HClO4 needed to prepare 2.0 L of approximately 0.25 M solution?
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Study Notes
Volumetric Titrimetry
- Volumetric titrimetry is a method of quantitative chemical analysis
- Volumetry measures the volume of a standard reagent to react with the analyte
- Titrimetry measures increments of titrant added to the analyte until the reaction is complete
- Titrant reacts with the analyte
- Molar ratio between analyte and titrant in balanced equations is necessary for calculations
- Titration is a procedure to determine the amount of unknown substance (analyte) through quantitative reaction with a solution of precisely known concentration (titrant)
- Titrant is the solution of precisely known concentration used to react with the analyte, usually a standard solution
- Titration adds titrant to the analyte until the reaction is complete
- The amount of analyte is calculated from the volume of titrant required for the reaction to be complete
Standard Solutions (Titrant)
- Standard solutions are key in titrimetric methods
- Desirable properties of standard solutions include
- Precisely known concentration, usually to 4 significant figures
- Sufficiently stable when prepared
- Stoichiometric reaction with a whole-number ratio
- React rapidly with the analyte
- React completely with the analyte (99.9% reaction)
- Endure a selective reaction with the analyte
- Primary standards are ultra-pure compounds (99.9% purity) used as reference materials.
- Secondary standards are compounds with established purity used as reference materials for titrimetric analysis
- Standardization is the process to determine the concentration of a solution
- Standardization utilizes the solution to titrate a known amount of another reagent
Equivalence Point and End Point
- Equivalence point is where equivalent amounts of titrant and analyte react stoichiometrically
- End point is the experimental estimation of the equivalence point, indicating a physical change during titration
- Titration error is calculated by the difference between the equivalence point and the end point (e = Vep - Veq)
Indicator
- Indicators are substances that undergo a sharp physical change
- Acid-base indicators and redox indicators are examples of indicators
- Indicator changes occur in the equivalence-point region
- Observable indicator changes include appearance or disappearance of color, change in color or appearance or disappearance of turbidity
- Instruments that detect end points include voltmeters, ohmmeters, colorimeters, temperature recorders, and refractometers
Direct and Back Titration
- Direct titration adds titrant to analyte until reaction is complete
- Back titration adds known excess of reagent to the analyte, then titrates excess of first reagent
- Back titrations are used when reaction rate is slow or reagent lacks stability
Buret
- Buret is a laboratory instrument for measuring the volume of a liquid
- The most basic features of a buret include a clamp, white porcelain base, and a wide-mouth Erlenmeyer flask.
- Normal procedure is to fill the buret with solution to within 1 or 2 mL of the zero position at the top
- Buret volume is read to the nearest 0.01 mL
Primary Standard
- Primary standard is a highly purified compound used as a reference material in volumetric analysis
- Properties of primary standards include high purity, atmospheric stability, absence of hydrate water, readily available at a modest cost, reasonable solubility in titration medium, and reasonably large molar mass
Steps in Titrimetry
- Steps include weighing of pure primary standard, dissolving the standard in a volumetric flask, preparing a primary standard solution, calculating molarity, preparing an unknown sample solution, titrating the unknown sample solution, and calculating the unknown sample molarity
Examples (of titrations)
- Various examples of specific titration calculations and procedures are provided in the text, including preparation of solutions, calculations based on volumes and reaction stoichiometry, and solutions to specific titrations problem examples
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Description
Test your knowledge on volumetric titrimetry, a quantitative chemical analysis method that involves measuring the volume of titrant required to react with an analyte. Understand the importance of standard solutions and the molar ratios in titration. This quiz covers essential concepts and calculations related to titration procedures.
