Questions and Answers
A phenol has an -OH group bonded to a(n) __________.
aromatic carbon
Thiols have structures similar to alcohols except that they contain __________.
sulfur in place of oxygen in the functional group
Which of the following does NOT involve methanol?
1,2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol) has uses that include:
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What is the IUPAC name for CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - SH?
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Thiols are strong-smelling compounds responsible for __________.
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The common name of CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3 is __________.
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The compound CH3 - CH2 - SH is in the organic family known as __________.
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Why has diethyl ether been replaced as a general anesthetic?
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The alcohol in this list that would be most soluble in water is:
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Which of the following compounds is a weak acid?
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A secondary alcohol has a hydroxyl group bonded to a(n) __________.
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Alcohols contain which functional group?
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The dehydration of an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid yields __________.
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The dehydration product of CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - OH in the presence of acid is __________.
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When 2-methyl-2-butanol undergoes dehydration in acid, the major product is __________.
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What type of alcohol undergoes oxidation to yield a ketone?
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What type of alcohol is resistant to oxidation?
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In the dehydration of an alcohol to an alkene, what is produced in addition to the alkene?
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When a primary alcohol is completely oxidized, the product is __________.
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Methanol is toxic because it is __________ by the liver to carboxylic acids.
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Tertiary alcohols are oxidized to __________.
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Alcohols undergo combustion to form __________.
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Study Notes
Alcohols and Their Properties
- Phenols are characterized by an -OH group attached to an aromatic carbon, giving them unique properties compared to regular alcohols.
- Primary alcohols become carboxylic acids upon complete oxidation, while secondary and tertiary alcohols have distinct oxidation outcomes.
- Secondary alcohols yield ketones upon oxidation, while tertiary alcohols do not oxidize further.
Thiols
- Thiols resemble alcohols but have sulfur replacing oxygen in the functional group, contributing to their strong, unpleasant odors.
- The presence of -SH in thiols defines their structure and properties, differentiating them from alcohols.
Reactions of Alcohols
- Dehydration of alcohols in the presence of strong acids forms alkenes and releases water as a byproduct.
- The dehydration product of 1-propanol is propene, demonstrating how different alcohols yield different alkenes.
Solubility and Acidity
- Among common alcohols, ethanol exhibits the highest water solubility due to its shorter carbon chain and presence of a hydroxyl group.
- Phenol is classified as a weak acid due to its ability to donate protons, contrasting with other alcohols such as ethanol.
Applications and Uses
- 1,2-ethanediol, commonly known as ethylene glycol, serves various purposes including antifreeze, paint solvent, and synthetic fiber production.
- Diethyl ether has seen reduced use as a general anesthetic due to its volatility and flammability.
Additional Facts
- Alcohols are recognized for their hydroxyl (-OH) functional group, a significant factor in determining their chemical behavior.
- Methanol is notable for its toxicity, primarily affecting the liver where it is oxidized to produce harmful carboxylic acids.
- Alcohol combustion results in the formation of water, carbon dioxide, and energy, emphasizing its role as a fuel source.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts in organic chemistry with these flashcards from Chapter 13 of Chemistry II. This quiz covers functional groups, chemical structures, and the uses of various compounds. Perfect for review before exams!
