CHEM Final Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the correct name for Na3PO4?

  • Phosphoric sodium
  • Sodium phosphate (correct)
  • Sodium phosphide
  • Trisodium phosphate (correct)

    • What is the charge on the iron Ion in Fe2O3?

    3+

    Which one of the following is an extensive property?

  • Freezing point
  • Mass (correct)
  • Temperature
  • Density

    • What is an extensive property?

    <p>A property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gases and liquids share the property of?

    <p>Indefinite shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of Au(NO3)3?

    <p>Gold (III) Nitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the scientist whose experiment involving scattering of alpha-particles by gold foil led him to conclude that the nucleus of an atom contains a dense center of positive charge?

    <p>Ernest Rutherford</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is easily separated into its components by simple techniques such as filtering or decanting?

    <p>Heterogeneous mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following has the element name and symbol correctly matched?

    <p>W, Tungsten</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are cathode rays deflected away from a negatively charged plate?

    <p>They are negatively charged particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is most likely to lose electrons when forming an ion?

    <p>Cr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Element X must be from Group __________ of the Periodic Table of Elements.

    <p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An isotope of gold, 197Au has ___ protons, ___ neutrons, and ___ electrons.

    <p>79, 118, 79</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elements of Group 1 are called __________.

    <p>Alkali metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is most likely to be an ionic compound?

    <p>Na2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Use the information to identify the atom or ion: 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 10 electrons.

    <p>O2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula of the ionic compound formed between strontium and nitrogen?

    <p>Sr3N2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many significant figures are in 0.0322?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is the highest temperature?

    <p>38 C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sample of copper weighs 6.93 g. How many moles of copper atoms are there?

    <p>0.109</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sig figs should be retained for 12.00000 x 0.9893 + 13.00335 x 0.0107?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Theobromine is a compound found in cocoa. What is the percentage of nitrogen found?

    <p>16.66</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hydrogen atoms are in 0.1488 g of H3PO4?

    <p>2.743 x 10^21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fish tank holds 1.029 yd^3 of water. What is this volume in cubic meters?

    <p>0.7881 m^3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ionic compounds is insoluble in water?

    <p>BaSO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oxidation state of gold in Au(CN)4?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Beer's law can be used to determine?

    <p>Concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As you increase the temperature of a solute, its solubility?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemical reactions that absorb heat energy are called ___ and have a ___ enthalpy.

    <p>Endothermic, positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The quantity of product that is calculated to form when all of the limiting reagent reacts is called the?

    <p>Theoretical yield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water condensing from gas to liquid droplets on a glass of cold juice is?

    <p>Exothermic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Molar heat capacity has a unit of?

    <p>J/mol C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is soluble in water at 25 C?

    <p>Fe(NO3)2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When an aqueous solution of ___ are mixed, a precipitate forms?

    <p>NaBr and AgNO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first law of thermodynamics gives only the change on energy, delta E for the process.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mixing a solution of CaCl2 with a solution of LiF will form?

    <p>CaF2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acetic acid, CH3CO2H is an example of what?

    <p>Weak acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hydroxides are weak bases?

    <p>None</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A compound is found to contain 63.52% Fe and 36.48% S. Find its empirical formula.

    <p>FeS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a neutralization reaction?

    <p>A reaction between an acid and a base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oxidation cannot occur without?

    <p>Reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acids can turn blue litmus paper?

    <p>Pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are spectator ions?

    <p>Ions that do not participate in a reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sea water contains roughly 28.0 g of NaCl per liter. What is the molarity of sodium chloride in sea water?

    <p>0.479 moles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following has the smallest size?

    <p>Ga3+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a principal quantum number n, how many electrons are possible?

    <p>2n^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The total number of orbitals in n=3 is?

    <p>9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds has both ionic and covalent bonds?

    <p>NH4Cl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.

    <p>Pauli exclusion principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What wavelength corresponds to the lowest energy?

    <p>900 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many radial nodes does a 4s orbital have?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ion with the smallest diameter is?

    <p>F-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sources produces the highest energy photons?

    <p>Gamma rays from a star</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound?

    <p>Electronegativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following atoms is the 3s orbital closest to the nucleus?

    <p>Na</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Heisenberg principle states that?

    <p>It is impossible to determine accurately both the position and momentum of an electron simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An electron moving from orbital n=5 to n=2 will _____ energy during the transition.

    <p>Release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A molecule with a single covalent bond is?

    <p>Cl2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds does not follow the octet rule?

    <p>BF3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electron configuration of Cr?

    <p>[Ar] 4s1 3d5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electron pair geometry of B in BF3?

    <p>Trigonal planar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Between which two elements is the difference in metallic character the greatest?

    <p>K and O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which has the highest electronegativity?

    <p>F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give the relation between Hz and second.

    <p>1 Hz = 1 s^{-1}</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An electron in an atom is in the n=4 and l=2 quantum level, the ml values are?

    <p>+2, +1, 0, -1, -2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The total number of electrons that can occupy 5f orbitals is?

    <p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sp3 hybridization involves the hybridization of how many atomic orbitals?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The noble gas configuration for Co2+ ion is?

    <p>[Ar] 3d7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean to be paramagnetic?

    <p>Have unpaired electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean to be diamagnetic?

    <p>Have no unpaired electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemical Compounds and Properties

    • Na3PO4 is named trisodium phosphate.
    • The charge of iron in Fe2O3 is +3.
    • An extensive property depends on the amount of matter, with mass being an example.
    • Gases and liquids have an indefinite shape.
    • Au(NO3)3 is known as Gold (III) Nitrate.
    • Heterogeneous mixtures can be separated by filtering or decanting.

    Atomic Structure and Ions

    • Earnest Rutherford concluded the atom has a dense center of positive charge through alpha-particle scattering experiments.
    • An isotope of gold, 197Au, has 79 protons, 118 neutrons, and 79 electrons.
    • O2- represents an atom or ion with 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 10 electrons.

    Group and Compound Properties

    • Elements of Group 1 are referred to as alkali metals.
    • Na2O is most likely an ionic compound.
    • Aluminum reacts with nonmetals from Group 16.

    Chemical Reactions and Thermodynamics

    • Mixing NaBr and AgNO3 results in a precipitate.
    • Endothermic reactions absorb heat energy and have a positive enthalpy.
    • Water condensing from gas to liquid droplets is an exothermic process.
    • The theoretical yield indicates the maximum amount of product from a reaction.

    Solutions, Concentrations, and Molarity

    • Sea water has a molarity of sodium chloride of approximately 0.479 moles.
    • A fish tank with 1.029 yd³ of water is equivalent to 0.7881 m³.

    Acids, Bases, and Reaction Types

    • A neutralization reaction occurs between an acid and a base.
    • Spectator ions are those that do not participate in a chemical reaction.
    • Acids can turn blue litmus paper to pink, indicating their acidic nature.
    • Ga3+ has the smallest ionic size among Cl-, Br-, Ga3+, and K+.
    • Electronegativity assesses an atom's ability to attract electrons; fluorine (F) has the highest electronegativity.
    • The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that both the position and momentum of an electron cannot be accurately determined at the same time.

    Quantum Mechanics and Electron Configurations

    • The total number of orbitals in n=3 is 9, and a 4s orbital has 3 radial nodes.
    • The noble gas configuration for Co2+ is [Ar] 3d7.
    • An electron in n=5 to n=2 transitions releases energy.

    Molecular Geometry and Hybridization

    • Molecules like BF3 do not follow the octet rule, while structures like Cl2 feature a single covalent bond.
    • The electron pair geometry for boron in BF3 is trigonal planar.
    • sp3 hybridization involves mixing four atomic orbitals.

    Additional Chemistry Concepts

    • Molar heat capacity is expressed as J/mol·°C.
    • Metals usually lose electrons; chromium (Cr) is most likely to do so among the given elements.
    • The relation between Hertz and seconds is defined as 1 Hz = 1 s⁻¹.

    Summary of Significant Compounds and Elements

    • Acetic acid (CH3CO2H) is classified as a weak acid.
    • BaSO4 is an ionic compound that is insoluble in water.
    • NH4Cl contains both ionic and covalent bonds due to its composition.

    Use these points for quick review and comprehension of key concepts from your CHEM final study materials.

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    Prepare for your Chemistry final exam with these flashcards, covering key concepts such as compound names, ion charges, and properties of matter. Enhance your understanding of extensive and intensive properties through practical examples. Perfect for quick revision and self-testing!

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