Charles Darwin and the Galapagos Islands

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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the ship on which Charles Darwin set out as a naturalist?

HMS Discovery

HMS Beagle (correct)

HMS Challenger

HMS Endeavour

What two important biology-related theories did Charles Darwin create based on his observations?

Biological evolution and natural selection (correct)

Cell division and gene expression

Ecosystem dynamics and trophic levels

Genetics and mutation

What term is used to describe the characteristics of organisms that make them suited to their environment?

Speciations

Adaptations (correct)

Variations

Mutations

Where did Darwin visit and find a variety of species similar to those in South America yet uniquely suited to the environment of the isolated islands?

Galapagos Islands Signup and view all the answers

What type of bird did Charles Darwin choose to focus his attention on during his visit to the Galapagos Islands?

Finches Signup and view all the answers

What did Darwin propose about the finches on the islands?

They had a common ancestor from mainland South America. Signup and view all the answers

What does geographic isolation mean for the finches on different islands?

They can't mate with other finches on different islands. Signup and view all the answers

Why were the characteristics of island birds different from those of their mainland ancestor?

Because unique conditions on the islands favored certain traits over others. Signup and view all the answers

How did the characteristics of the island birds shift away from those of their mainland ancestor?

Through natural selection favoring traits suited to island living. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the island birds eventually become unique species?

Because their traits became so different from their ancestors and from each other. Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory of natural selection based on?

Passing on of traits that enable individuals to survive and reproduce Signup and view all the answers

How does natural selection differ from artificial selection?

Artificial selection involves selective breeding for specific characteristics, while natural selection is driven by environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

What does 'survival of the fittest' refer to in biological terms?

The passing on of traits that enable individuals to survive and successfully reproduce Signup and view all the answers

What does artificial selection involve?

Selective breeding for certain desired characteristics by people Signup and view all the answers

How are traits naturally selected in natural selection?

By environmental factors favoring particular traits that improve survivability Signup and view all the answers

What term does Darwin use to describe the process of living things changing over time?

Adaptation Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of Darwin's 1854 work in which he introduced the concept of biological evolution?

On the Origin of Species Signup and view all the answers

What process is referred to when species become so different from related organisms that they can no longer successfully mate with related populations?

Speciation Signup and view all the answers

In Darwin's theory of biological evolution, what happens to species that don't adapt to changing environmental conditions?

They may become extinct Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the formation of new species in Darwin's theory of biological evolution?

Competition for resources Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Charles Darwin's Voyage and Theories

Charles Darwin set out as a naturalist on the ship HMS Beagle.
He created two important biology-related theories: the theory of natural selection and the theory of biological evolution.

Adaptation and Environment

The term "adaptation" describes the characteristics of organisms that make them suited to their environment.

Galapagos Islands and Finches

Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands and found a variety of species similar to those in South America, yet uniquely suited to the environment of the isolated islands.
He focused on finches during his visit to the Galapagos Islands.
Darwin proposed that the finches on the islands had evolved from a common ancestor.
Geographic isolation led to the formation of different species of finches on different islands.
The characteristics of island birds differed from those of their mainland ancestor due to adaptation to their environment.
Over time, the characteristics of the island birds shifted away from those of their mainland ancestor.
This led to the formation of unique species.

Natural Selection and Artificial Selection

The theory of natural selection is based on the idea that all species produce more offspring than can survive, leading to a struggle for existence.
Natural selection differs from artificial selection in that it occurs naturally, whereas artificial selection is selective breeding by humans.
"Survival of the fittest" refers to the process of natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Artificial selection involves deliberate breeding for desired traits.
Traits are naturally selected in natural selection when they provide a survival or reproductive advantage.

Biological Evolution and Speciation

Darwin used the term "descent with modification" to describe the process of living things changing over time.
In his 1854 work, "On the Origin of Species," Darwin introduced the concept of biological evolution.
Speciation occurs when species become so different from related organisms that they can no longer successfully mate with related populations.
In Darwin's theory of biological evolution, species that don't adapt to changing environmental conditions are more likely to become extinct.
The formation of new species is initiated by geographic isolation and adaptation to new environments.

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Description

Test your knowledge about Charles Darwin's journey on the HMS Beagle, his observations of the finch population on the Galapagos Islands, and the impact of his groundbreaking discoveries on the theory of evolution.