Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic organisms?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic organisms?
- May contain plasmids
- Have circular DNA not associated with proteins
- Have ribosomes smaller than those found in eukaryotes
- Possess membrane-bound organelles (correct)
What is the primary structural component of the cell wall in prokaryotic organisms?
What is the primary structural component of the cell wall in prokaryotic organisms?
- Cellulose
- Peptidoglycan
- Murein (correct)
- Chitin
What shape is NOT associated with bacterial organisms?
What shape is NOT associated with bacterial organisms?
- Rod-shaped
- Spiral
- Square (correct)
- Spherical
In the binomial naming system, what does the first word represent?
In the binomial naming system, what does the first word represent?
Which of the following features may be present in some prokaryotic organisms?
Which of the following features may be present in some prokaryotic organisms?
What is a common characteristic of prokaryotic organisms regarding their genetic material?
What is a common characteristic of prokaryotic organisms regarding their genetic material?
Which of the following best describes the structure of prokaryotic ribosomes?
Which of the following best describes the structure of prokaryotic ribosomes?
What is typically found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic organisms?
What is typically found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic organisms?
What component contributes to the protective feature of many prokaryotic organisms?
What component contributes to the protective feature of many prokaryotic organisms?
Which of the following is NOT part of the naming system used in binomial nomenclature?
Which of the following is NOT part of the naming system used in binomial nomenclature?
Which shape is NOT associated with bacterial organisms?
Which shape is NOT associated with bacterial organisms?
What is one possible feature of some prokaryotic organisms that allows for movement?
What is one possible feature of some prokaryotic organisms that allows for movement?
Flashcards
Prokaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic Cell
A single-celled organism lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, except ribosomes.
Eukaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
A complex cell containing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Ribosomes (Prokaryotic)
Ribosomes (Prokaryotic)
Smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes, responsible for protein synthesis.
Circular DNA
Circular DNA
DNA found as a ring in prokaryotic cells, not associated with proteins.
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Plasmids
Plasmids
Extra circular DNA molecules in some prokaryotes, with extra genes.
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Slime Capsule
Slime Capsule
Protective layer surrounding some prokaryotes, aids in adhesion and protection.
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Cell Wall (Prokaryotes)
Cell Wall (Prokaryotes)
Outer layer made of murein (peptidoglycan), providing strength and structure.
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Murein
Murein
The polymer that makes up the cell wall of prokaryotes.
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Bacterial Shapes
Bacterial Shapes
Spiral, spherical, and rod-shaped are common forms of bacteria.
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Spiral Bacteria
Spiral Bacteria
Bacteria with a spiral or curved shape.
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Spherical Bacteria
Spherical Bacteria
Bacteria with a round or ball-like shape.
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Rod-shaped Bacteria
Rod-shaped Bacteria
Bacteria with a rod-like or cylindrical shape.
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Binomial Nomenclature
Binomial Nomenclature
Two-word naming system for species (genus + species).
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Genus
Genus
The first part of a species' scientific name, general category.
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Species
Species
The second part of a species' scientific name, specific term.
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Latin
Latin
Language used for binomial nomenclature.
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Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens
The binomial nomenclature for humans (Genus + species).
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Glycogen
Glycogen
Energy storage carbohydrate in some prokaryotes.
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Lipids
Lipids
Energy storage molecules in some prokaryotes.
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Characteristics of Prokaryotic Organisms
- Lack a nucleus and organelles except ribosomes, distinguishing them from eukaryotic organisms.
- Ribosomes are smaller in size compared to those found in eukaryotes.
- Contain circular DNA that is not associated with proteins.
- May possess plasmids, which are additional circular DNA molecules.
- Often covered with a protective slime capsule.
- Surrounded by a cell wall made of murein, a polymer of proteins and carbohydrates.
- Cytoplasm holds stored food in the forms of glycogen and lipids.
- Some prokaryotes have flagella (singular: flagellum), which aid in locomotion.
- Certain types can contain chlorophyll, enabling them to perform photosynthesis.
Shapes of Bacteria
- Bacteria can be classified into three main shapes:
- Spiral
- Spherical
- Rod-shaped
Binomial Nomenclature
- The system for naming species using a two-word format.
- The first word represents the genus and is capitalized; the second word denotes the species and begins with a lowercase letter.
- Names are written in Latin, either in italics or underlined.
- Example: Humans are named Homo sapiens, where "Homo" is the genus and "sapiens" is the species.
Characteristics of Prokaryotic Organisms
- Lack a nucleus and organelles except ribosomes, distinguishing them from eukaryotic organisms.
- Ribosomes are smaller in size compared to those found in eukaryotes.
- Contain circular DNA that is not associated with proteins.
- May possess plasmids, which are additional circular DNA molecules.
- Often covered with a protective slime capsule.
- Surrounded by a cell wall made of murein, a polymer of proteins and carbohydrates.
- Cytoplasm holds stored food in the forms of glycogen and lipids.
- Some prokaryotes have flagella (singular: flagellum), which aid in locomotion.
- Certain types can contain chlorophyll, enabling them to perform photosynthesis.
Shapes of Bacteria
- Bacteria can be classified into three main shapes:
- Spiral
- Spherical
- Rod-shaped
Binomial Nomenclature
- The system for naming species using a two-word format.
- The first word represents the genus and is capitalized; the second word denotes the species and begins with a lowercase letter.
- Names are written in Latin, either in italics or underlined.
- Example: Humans are named Homo sapiens, where "Homo" is the genus and "sapiens" is the species.
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