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Questions and Answers
In the classification scheme, organisms that share similar genera are grouped into a __________.
In the classification scheme, organisms that share similar genera are grouped into a __________.
family
Name the three domains established by Carl R. Woese.
Name the three domains established by Carl R. Woese.
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
The Biological Species Concept states that a species is a group of organisms that can interbreed.
The Biological Species Concept states that a species is a group of organisms that can interbreed.
True (A)
Which taxonomic rank is at the highest level of classification?
Which taxonomic rank is at the highest level of classification?
Match the following kingdoms with their characteristics:
Match the following kingdoms with their characteristics:
What are the characteristics used to classify organisms?
What are the characteristics used to classify organisms?
Who is considered the 'Father of Taxonomy'?
Who is considered the 'Father of Taxonomy'?
Linnaeus developed a classification system that used common names for species.
Linnaeus developed a classification system that used common names for species.
The binomial system consists of two parts: the genus and the ______.
The binomial system consists of two parts: the genus and the ______.
Which book did Linnaeus publish that classified all plants known in his time?
Which book did Linnaeus publish that classified all plants known in his time?
Match the following taxonomic contributions to their respective individuals:
Match the following taxonomic contributions to their respective individuals:
Linnaeus believed that a name should reflect the essence or hidden reality of an organism.
Linnaeus believed that a name should reflect the essence or hidden reality of an organism.
Linnaeus categorized plants into herbs, shrubs, and ______.
Linnaeus categorized plants into herbs, shrubs, and ______.
What is the genetic material that directs the life processes of organisms?
What is the genetic material that directs the life processes of organisms?
All organisms are able to maintain homeostasis regardless of environmental changes.
All organisms are able to maintain homeostasis regardless of environmental changes.
What term describes traits that give organisms an advantage in changing environments?
What term describes traits that give organisms an advantage in changing environments?
The science of identifying, classifying, and naming organisms is known as __________.
The science of identifying, classifying, and naming organisms is known as __________.
Match the following classifications with their definitions:
Match the following classifications with their definitions:
Which philosopher is known for classifying living things as either plants or animals?
Which philosopher is known for classifying living things as either plants or animals?
What is the estimated number of species sharing our planet today?
What is the estimated number of species sharing our planet today?
The biological species concept states that species are defined only by their physical characteristics.
The biological species concept states that species are defined only by their physical characteristics.
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Study Notes
Characteristics of Organisms
- All organisms possess genetic material (DNA) which governs organization, metabolism, adaptation, reproduction, and vital life processes.
- Genetic material is hereditary, transmitted across generations, and allows for evolutionary changes and development of new species.
- Homeostasis is crucial for organisms to maintain a stable internal state despite changes in the external environment; mammals and birds regulate body temperature as an example.
- Organisms react to their surroundings, with responses ranging from simple reactions to complex behaviors, such as a gazelle fleeing from a predator.
- Adaptations are traits that enhance an organism’s chances of survival in dynamic environments.
Taxonomy and Classification
- Taxonomy is the science focused on identifying, classifying, and naming organisms while inferring evolutionary relationships.
- Aristotle classified living organisms as plants or animals approximately 2,000 years ago.
- About 1.5 million species have been formally described; however, estimates suggest that 50 to 100 million species exist globally, with many potentially remaining undiscovered.
- The classification hierarchy begins with Domain as the highest taxonomic rank, followed by Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
- The Biological Species Concept defines a species as a group of interbreeding organisms sharing common traits.
- Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history of organisms distinguished by phenotypic traits.
Taxonomic Classification Scheme
- Domains identified include Archaea (prokaryotic cells), Bacteria (prokaryotic cells), and Eukarya (eukaryotic cells).
History of Taxonomy
- Early classifiers, notably Aristotle, focused on structural similarities, naming and organizing approximately 520 species primarily in the region of Greece.
- Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist, refined the classification system, classifying about 18,000 plant and animal species in the 18th century.
- His works, "Species Plantarum" (1753) and "Systema Naturae" (1758), established a systematic method for naming species, including descriptions of 7,300 plants and various animals.
- Linnaeus introduced the binomial nomenclature system—each species receives a unique name consisting of its Genus and species epithet, often of Latin or Greek origin, ensuring consistency and clarity in scientific communication.
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