Characteristics of Living Organisms

A pathogen is an organism that causes disease, which can include bacteria, fungi, Protoctista, and viruses.

Common types of pathogens include bacteria, fungi, Protoctista, and viruses.

Viruses are non-living, very small particles that can only reproduce in living cells and have a protein coat that contains either DNA or RNA.

<p>Yes, viruses can infect every type of living organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses are considered non-living because they cannot carry out life processes independently and require a host for reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It means viruses do not have the typical organelles or cellular components found in living cells and consist primarily of a nucleic acid core and a protein coat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A virus is composed of a protein coat that encases either DNA or RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses reproduce by infiltrating living cells and using the host's cellular machinery to replicate their genetic material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animals are multicellular and do not have chloroplasts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animals store carbohydrates as glycogen; examples include mammals and insects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fungi are usually organized in mycelium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fungi lack chloroplasts, preventing them from performing photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fungi feed through 'saprotrophic' nutrition, breaking down organic matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell walls of fungi are made of chitin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes, fungi may store carbohydrates as glycogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flowering plants and legumes provide food and oxygen through photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><em>Mucor</em> belongs to the Protoctista group, which contains microscopic single-celled organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><em>Amoeba</em> is an example of a single-celled organism with animal-like features, such as movement and feeding behavior similar to animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><em>Chlorella</em> exhibits plant-like features such as performing photosynthesis and containing chlorophyll.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example of a pathogenic organism within Protoctista is <em>Plasmodium</em>, which causes malaria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic organisms are unicellular and lack membrane-bound organelles, while protoctists are mainly unicellular but have membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The common microscopic characteristics of the Protoctista group include being unicellular and microscopic in size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The classification of <em>Mucor</em> as a Protoctista helps in understanding its role as a decomposer in ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some protoctists are considered pathogenic because they can cause diseases in humans, animals, or plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MRS C GREN represents Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Control of internal conditions, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, and Nutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plants are able to carry out photosynthesis, which allows them to convert sunlight into chemical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryotic organisms store carbohydrates as starch and sucrose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plant cells have a cellulose cell wall, which provides structural support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plants perform photosynthesis for nutrition, while animals primarily consume organic material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excretion is important for removing waste products and maintaining internal balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensitivity allows living organisms to detect and respond to changes in their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All eukaryotic organisms are multicellular or unicellular and contain a nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiration is essential as it enables organisms to convert glucose into usable energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth in living organisms involves an increase in size and development of tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One method is to observe the movement of dye in water and its effect on living plant cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The energy content can be measured using bomb calorimetry, which involves burning the food and measuring the resultant temperature change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiration involves breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP through glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The equation is $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The word equation is glucose → lactic acid + energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be measured using a respirometer that monitors gas exchange and temperature changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factors include carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity, and temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yeast ferments sugars to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide, essential in making bread and alcoholic beverages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps to understand how yeast survives and produces energy in low-oxygen conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, while proteins also include nitrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipids are large molecules made from glycerol and fatty acids, often forming triglycerides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Benedict's test identifies glucose, iodine test for starch, biuret test for proteins, and sudan III test for fats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions without being consumed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature changes can increase enzyme activity up to an optimum point, after which it may denature.</p> Signup and view all the answers