Characteristics of Living Organisms and DNA

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Questions and Answers

What is the molecule that contains a molecular sequence encoding an organism's genetic information?

  • Protein
  • RNA
  • Lipid
  • DNA (correct)

According to the Cell Theory, what is the basic unit of life?

  • Tissue
  • Cell (correct)
  • Molecule
  • Organelle

Which of the following is not a domain of life?

  • Monera (correct)
  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
  • Eukarya

What is LUCA in the context of the domains of life?

<p>Common Ancestor of All Living Organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about single cellular organisms?

<p>They can exist in communities and cooperate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does DNA stand for?

<p>Deoxyribonucleic Acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the continuity of life?

<p>Dependent on faithful copying of DNA into offspring cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT one of the three domains of life?

<p>Animals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do all living things have in common according to the text?

<p>Response to their environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNA in living organisms according to the text?

<p>To encode genetic information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the first prokaryotic life arise on Earth?

<p>3.5 billion years ago (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event marked the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon?

<p>Cambrian Explosion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the first multicellular fossils appear?

<p>2.1 billion years ago (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which era saw the emergence of the first mammals?

<p>Mesozoic Era (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was responsible for creating atmospheric oxygen in mass quantities around 3 billion years ago?

<p>Oxygen Revolution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which period saw the emergence of the first plants on land?

<p>Paleozoic Period (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: The emergence of eukaryotes predates the emergence of prokaryotes.

<p><strong>False</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Nearly all life during the early stages was multicellular.

<p><strong>False</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: The Cambrian Explosion led to a decrease in biodiversity.

<p><strong>False</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Adaptive radiation occurs when a single species remains unchanged over time.

<p><strong>False</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the maintenance of internal balance in living organisms?

<p>Homeostasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which domain of life includes plants, animals, fungi, and protists?

<p>Eukarya (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecule that serves as the genetic material of all living things?

<p>DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which era marked the emergence of the first mammals?

<p>Cenozoic Era (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the most recent common ancestor of all living things?

<p>Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Single cellular organisms are made up of how many cells?

<p>Exactly one cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for creating atmospheric oxygen around 3 billion years ago?

<p>Photosynthetic Bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which event did life experience a significant increase in biodiversity?

<p>Cambrian Explosion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the first prokaryotic life arise on Earth?

<p>&gt; 3 billion years ago (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adaptive radiation occurs when:

<p>A single species diversifies into many different species to exploit different niches. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the first known photosynthetic organisms, cyanobacteria, arise?

<p>3.4 billion years ago (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geological eon marks the period when life formed about 3.5 billion years ago?

<p>Archean Eon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many mass extinctions have occurred in the history of life on Earth?

<p>6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the first life on Earth originate as a single-celled organism?

<p>3.5 billion years ago (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which era saw the emergence of the first mammals during the age of dinosaurs?

<p>Mesozoic Era (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event marks the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon and dramatic animal diversification?

<p>The Cambrian Explosion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did life first evolve on Earth, according to the text?

<p>Ocean's edge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Around what time did single-celled eukaryotes likely first arise?

<p>~2.5 billion years ago (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the genetic material of all living things?

<p>RNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms store their DNA in different ways?

<p>Protists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT one of the three domains of life?

<p>Annelida (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the first known photosynthetic organisms arise?

<p>3.5 billion years ago (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event marks the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon and dramatic animal diversification?

<p>Cambrian Explosion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What molecule serves as the genetic material of all living things?

<p>Carbohydrate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many mass extinctions have occurred in the history of life on Earth?

<p>5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the first prokaryotic life arise on Earth?

<p>3.5 billion years ago (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What era saw the emergence of the first mammals?

<p>Cenozoic Era (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does LUCA refer to in the context of the domains of life?

<p>The Last Universal Common Ancestor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Around what time did the first mammals evolve, according to the text?

<p>200 MYA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which era did the first eukaryotic cells likely arise?

<p>Proterozoic Eon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event is responsible for creating mass quantities of atmospheric oxygen around 3 billion years ago?

<p>Oxygen Revolution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following domains of life includes bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?

<p>Eukarya (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What marks the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon and dramatic animal diversification?

<p>Cambrian Explosion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs when a single species rapidly diversifies to fill many ecological niches?

<p>Adaptive Radiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many times have mass extinctions occurred in the history of life on Earth?

<p>5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which supergroup of Eukarya includes Stramenopiles, Alveolates, and Rhizaria?

<p>SARs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term 'eu' in 'eukaryote'?

<p>True (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many Eukaryotic Kingdoms were confirmed through DNA sequencing?

<p>24 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which domain is more closely related to Fungi, Animals, and Plants according to the text?

<p>Protists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind the Endosymbiotic Theory mentioned in the text?

<p>Eukaryotic organelles arose from symbiotic interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which domain of life do Stramenopiles, Alveolates, and Rhizaria belong?

<p>Eukarya (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of organisms in the supergroup Amoebozoans?

<p>Heterotrophic nutrition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives water into the fungal cell?

<p>Osmosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which supergroup includes organisms that may have atypical or absent mitochondria?

<p>Excavates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in fungi allows for rapid spore dispersal?

<p>Sporangia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of organisms in the supergroup Archaeplastids?

<p>Photoautotrophic nutrition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maintains the shape of the hypha in fungi?

<p>Turgor pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reproductive structures are produced above ground by many fungi?

<p>Fruiting bodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of organisms has cell walls made of chitin?

<p>Fungi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of spores do sporangia produce?

<p>Asexual (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic shared by organisms in the supergroup Opisthokonts?

<p>Presence of flagella or pseudopods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What increases as a result of the fungal cell wall maintaining the hypha shape?

<p>Turgor pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Kinetoblasts' are associated with which supergroup?

<p>Excavates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Plasmoidal slime mold' belongs to which supergroup?

<p>Amoebozoans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of nuclei do fungi possess in their life cycles?

<p>Both haploid and diploid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major characteristic distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

<p>Presence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are Stramenopiles, Alveolates, and Rhizaria included in the same Supergroup?

<p>DNA similarities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theory suggests that some eukaryotic organelles originated from symbiotic interactions?

<p>Endosymbiotic Theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of Eukaryotic Kingdoms confirmed through DNA sequencing?

<p>24 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which domain includes Plants, Animals, Fungi, and Protists?

<p>Eukarya (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the idea behind the split of former Protist Kingdoms into 21 new Kingdoms?

<p>Kingdom Reclassification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'SARs' refers to which Supergroup in Eukarya?

<p>Stramenopiles, Alveolates, Rhizaria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives water into the fungal cell in fungi?

<p>Bulk flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In fungal life cycles, nuclei in fungi are:

<p>Haploid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the form of fungal reproduction that does not increase fungal genetic diversity?

<p>Sporangia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fungal structure allows for rapid spore dispersal due to its form?

<p>Sporangium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which above-ground reproductive structures are produced by many fungi for sexual reproduction?

<p>Fruiting bodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maintains the shape of the hyphae in fungi?

<p>Turgor pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process leads to cells (hyphae) fusing before nuclei in many fungi?

<p>Syngamy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of fruiting bodies in fungi?

<p>Reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which supergroup includes organisms that have atypical or absent mitochondria?

<p>Excavates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic among organisms in the supergroup Archaeplastids?

<p>Photoautotrophic capability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Euglenids among the Supergroup Excavates?

<p>Possessing unique flagella (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of organisms store their DNA in plastids descended from engulfed cyanobacteria?

<p>Red Algae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature common to Fungi cell walls and critical for their structure?

<p>Chitin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is shared by organisms in the supergroup Amoebozoans?

<p>Have pseudopods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common trait among Choanoflagellates, Fungi, and Animals within the Supergroup Opisthokonts?

<p>Heterotrophic nutrition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the above-ground reproductive structures produced by many fungi?

<p>Fruiting bodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives water into the fungal cell in fungi?

<p>Osmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sporangia in fungi?

<p>Asexual spore dispersal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows for the rapid dispersal of spores in fungi due to its form?

<p>Sporangia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maintains the shape of hyphae in fungi?

<p>Turgor pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does not contribute to increasing fungal genetic diversity?

<p>Sporangia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs before nuclei in many fungi, contributing to their life cycles?

<p>Hyphae fusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Haploid-dominant organisms' refers to life cycles that are primarily characterized by which type of nuclei?

<p><strong>Haploid</strong> nuclei (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term 'eu' in 'eukaryote'?

<p>Refers to 'true nucleus' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event marked the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon and dramatic animal diversification?

<p>Cambrian Explosion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs when a single species rapidly diversifies to fill many ecological niches?

<p>Adaptive Radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Kingdoms were confirmed through DNA sequencing, splitting former Protist Kingdoms into 21 new Kingdoms?

<p>Fungi and Animals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic shared by organisms in the supergroup Opisthokonts?

<p>Flagellated cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many mass extinctions have occurred in the history of life on Earth?

<p>5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Kinetoblasts' are associated with which supergroup in Eukarya?

<p>SARs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is common among organisms in the supergroup Opisthokonts?

<p>Presence of pseudopods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique feature of organisms in the supergroup Excavates?

<p>Feeding groove (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates organisms in the supergroup Archaeplastids from other supergroups?

<p>Contain plastids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of Brown Algae and Red Algae?

<p>Presence of flagella (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do fungi primarily use their hyphae for?

<p>Absorption of organic molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Amoebozoans within the supergroup Amoebozoans?

<p>'Amoeboid' characteristics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group includes organisms with cell walls made of chitin and are multicellular?

<p><strong>Fungi</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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