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Characteristics of Living Organisms and DNA
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Characteristics of Living Organisms and DNA

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Questions and Answers

What is the molecule that contains a molecular sequence encoding an organism's genetic information?

  • Protein
  • RNA
  • Lipid
  • DNA (correct)

    • According to the Cell Theory, what is the basic unit of life?

  • Tissue
  • Cell (correct)
  • Molecule
  • Organelle

    • Which of the following is not a domain of life?

  • Monera (correct)
  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
  • Eukarya

    • What is LUCA in the context of the domains of life?

    <p>Common Ancestor of All Living Organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about single cellular organisms?

    <p>They can exist in communities and cooperate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DNA stand for?

    <p>Deoxyribonucleic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the continuity of life?

    <p>Dependent on faithful copying of DNA into offspring cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT one of the three domains of life?

    <p>Animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do all living things have in common according to the text?

    <p>Response to their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of DNA in living organisms according to the text?

    <p>To encode genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the first prokaryotic life arise on Earth?

    <p>3.5 billion years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marked the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon?

    <p>Cambrian Explosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the first multicellular fossils appear?

    <p>2.1 billion years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which era saw the emergence of the first mammals?

    <p>Mesozoic Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was responsible for creating atmospheric oxygen in mass quantities around 3 billion years ago?

    <p>Oxygen Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which period saw the emergence of the first plants on land?

    <p>Paleozoic Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: The emergence of eukaryotes predates the emergence of prokaryotes.

    <p><strong>False</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Nearly all life during the early stages was multicellular.

    <p><strong>False</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: The Cambrian Explosion led to a decrease in biodiversity.

    <p><strong>False</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Adaptive radiation occurs when a single species remains unchanged over time.

    <p><strong>False</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the maintenance of internal balance in living organisms?

    <p>Homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain of life includes plants, animals, fungi, and protists?

    <p>Eukarya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecule that serves as the genetic material of all living things?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which era marked the emergence of the first mammals?

    <p>Cenozoic Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the most recent common ancestor of all living things?

    <p>Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Single cellular organisms are made up of how many cells?

    <p>Exactly one cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for creating atmospheric oxygen around 3 billion years ago?

    <p>Photosynthetic Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which event did life experience a significant increase in biodiversity?

    <p>Cambrian Explosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the first prokaryotic life arise on Earth?

    <p>&gt; 3 billion years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adaptive radiation occurs when:

    <p>A single species diversifies into many different species to exploit different niches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the first known photosynthetic organisms, cyanobacteria, arise?

    <p>3.4 billion years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological eon marks the period when life formed about 3.5 billion years ago?

    <p>Archean Eon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how many mass extinctions have occurred in the history of life on Earth?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the first life on Earth originate as a single-celled organism?

    <p>3.5 billion years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which era saw the emergence of the first mammals during the age of dinosaurs?

    <p>Mesozoic Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marks the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon and dramatic animal diversification?

    <p>The Cambrian Explosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did life first evolve on Earth, according to the text?

    <p>Ocean's edge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Around what time did single-celled eukaryotes likely first arise?

    <p>~2.5 billion years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the genetic material of all living things?

    <p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organisms store their DNA in different ways?

    <p>Protists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT one of the three domains of life?

    <p>Annelida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the first known photosynthetic organisms arise?

    <p>3.5 billion years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event marks the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon and dramatic animal diversification?

    <p>Cambrian Explosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecule serves as the genetic material of all living things?

    <p>Carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how many mass extinctions have occurred in the history of life on Earth?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the first prokaryotic life arise on Earth?

    <p>3.5 billion years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What era saw the emergence of the first mammals?

    <p>Cenozoic Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does LUCA refer to in the context of the domains of life?

    <p>The Last Universal Common Ancestor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Around what time did the first mammals evolve, according to the text?

    <p>200 MYA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which era did the first eukaryotic cells likely arise?

    <p>Proterozoic Eon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event is responsible for creating mass quantities of atmospheric oxygen around 3 billion years ago?

    <p>Oxygen Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following domains of life includes bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?

    <p>Eukarya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon and dramatic animal diversification?

    <p>Cambrian Explosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs when a single species rapidly diversifies to fill many ecological niches?

    <p>Adaptive Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how many times have mass extinctions occurred in the history of life on Earth?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which supergroup of Eukarya includes Stramenopiles, Alveolates, and Rhizaria?

    <p>SARs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the term 'eu' in 'eukaryote'?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Eukaryotic Kingdoms were confirmed through DNA sequencing?

    <p>24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain is more closely related to Fungi, Animals, and Plants according to the text?

    <p>Protists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the Endosymbiotic Theory mentioned in the text?

    <p>Eukaryotic organelles arose from symbiotic interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which domain of life do Stramenopiles, Alveolates, and Rhizaria belong?

    <p>Eukarya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of organisms in the supergroup Amoebozoans?

    <p>Heterotrophic nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives water into the fungal cell?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which supergroup includes organisms that may have atypical or absent mitochondria?

    <p>Excavates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in fungi allows for rapid spore dispersal?

    <p>Sporangia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of organisms in the supergroup Archaeplastids?

    <p>Photoautotrophic nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maintains the shape of the hypha in fungi?

    <p>Turgor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive structures are produced above ground by many fungi?

    <p>Fruiting bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of organisms has cell walls made of chitin?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of spores do sporangia produce?

    <p>Asexual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic shared by organisms in the supergroup Opisthokonts?

    <p>Presence of flagella or pseudopods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What increases as a result of the fungal cell wall maintaining the hypha shape?

    <p>Turgor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Kinetoblasts' are associated with which supergroup?

    <p>Excavates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Plasmoidal slime mold' belongs to which supergroup?

    <p>Amoebozoans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nuclei do fungi possess in their life cycles?

    <p>Both haploid and diploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major characteristic distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

    <p>Presence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Stramenopiles, Alveolates, and Rhizaria included in the same Supergroup?

    <p>DNA similarities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory suggests that some eukaryotic organelles originated from symbiotic interactions?

    <p>Endosymbiotic Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of Eukaryotic Kingdoms confirmed through DNA sequencing?

    <p>24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain includes Plants, Animals, Fungi, and Protists?

    <p>Eukarya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the idea behind the split of former Protist Kingdoms into 21 new Kingdoms?

    <p>Kingdom Reclassification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'SARs' refers to which Supergroup in Eukarya?

    <p>Stramenopiles, Alveolates, Rhizaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives water into the fungal cell in fungi?

    <p>Bulk flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fungal life cycles, nuclei in fungi are:

    <p>Haploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the form of fungal reproduction that does not increase fungal genetic diversity?

    <p>Sporangia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fungal structure allows for rapid spore dispersal due to its form?

    <p>Sporangium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which above-ground reproductive structures are produced by many fungi for sexual reproduction?

    <p>Fruiting bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maintains the shape of the hyphae in fungi?

    <p>Turgor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process leads to cells (hyphae) fusing before nuclei in many fungi?

    <p>Syngamy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of fruiting bodies in fungi?

    <p>Reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which supergroup includes organisms that have atypical or absent mitochondria?

    <p>Excavates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic among organisms in the supergroup Archaeplastids?

    <p>Photoautotrophic capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Euglenids among the Supergroup Excavates?

    <p>Possessing unique flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of organisms store their DNA in plastids descended from engulfed cyanobacteria?

    <p>Red Algae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature common to Fungi cell walls and critical for their structure?

    <p>Chitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is shared by organisms in the supergroup Amoebozoans?

    <p>Have pseudopods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common trait among Choanoflagellates, Fungi, and Animals within the Supergroup Opisthokonts?

    <p>Heterotrophic nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the above-ground reproductive structures produced by many fungi?

    <p>Fruiting bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives water into the fungal cell in fungi?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sporangia in fungi?

    <p>Asexual spore dispersal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows for the rapid dispersal of spores in fungi due to its form?

    <p>Sporangia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maintains the shape of hyphae in fungi?

    <p>Turgor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does not contribute to increasing fungal genetic diversity?

    <p>Sporangia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs before nuclei in many fungi, contributing to their life cycles?

    <p>Hyphae fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Haploid-dominant organisms' refers to life cycles that are primarily characterized by which type of nuclei?

    <p><strong>Haploid</strong> nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the term 'eu' in 'eukaryote'?

    <p>Refers to 'true nucleus'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event marked the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon and dramatic animal diversification?

    <p>Cambrian Explosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs when a single species rapidly diversifies to fill many ecological niches?

    <p>Adaptive Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Kingdoms were confirmed through DNA sequencing, splitting former Protist Kingdoms into 21 new Kingdoms?

    <p>Fungi and Animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic shared by organisms in the supergroup Opisthokonts?

    <p>Flagellated cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how many mass extinctions have occurred in the history of life on Earth?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Kinetoblasts' are associated with which supergroup in Eukarya?

    <p>SARs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is common among organisms in the supergroup Opisthokonts?

    <p>Presence of pseudopods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of organisms in the supergroup Excavates?

    <p>Feeding groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates organisms in the supergroup Archaeplastids from other supergroups?

    <p>Contain plastids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of Brown Algae and Red Algae?

    <p>Presence of flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do fungi primarily use their hyphae for?

    <p>Absorption of organic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Amoebozoans within the supergroup Amoebozoans?

    <p>'Amoeboid' characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group includes organisms with cell walls made of chitin and are multicellular?

    <p><strong>Fungi</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

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