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Questions and Answers
What type of cartilaginous joint is temporary in nature and is replaced by bone formation after a certain age?
What type of cartilaginous joint is temporary in nature and is replaced by bone formation after a certain age?
What type of cartilage connects the articulating surfaces in a primary cartilaginous joint?
What type of cartilage connects the articulating surfaces in a primary cartilaginous joint?
What is the main characteristic of a symphysis joint?
What is the main characteristic of a symphysis joint?
What is the type of cartilage that connects the articulating surfaces in a symphysis joint?
What is the type of cartilage that connects the articulating surfaces in a symphysis joint?
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What is an example of a symphysis joint?
What is an example of a symphysis joint?
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What is the main difference between a synchondrosis and a symphysis?
What is the main difference between a synchondrosis and a symphysis?
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What is a characteristic of hyaline cartilage?
What is a characteristic of hyaline cartilage?
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Where is white fibrocartilage typically found?
Where is white fibrocartilage typically found?
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What is unique about yellow elastic fibrocartilage?
What is unique about yellow elastic fibrocartilage?
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Which type of cartilage undergoes ossification in old age?
Which type of cartilage undergoes ossification in old age?
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What is the site of yellow elastic fibrocartilage?
What is the site of yellow elastic fibrocartilage?
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What is a characteristic of cartilage cells in white fibrocartilage?
What is a characteristic of cartilage cells in white fibrocartilage?
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What is the characteristic of the matrix of hyaline cartilage?
What is the characteristic of the matrix of hyaline cartilage?
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Which type of cartilage is most widespread in humans?
Which type of cartilage is most widespread in humans?
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What type of joints have a fibrocartilaginous disc between the articulated surface, dividing the joint cavity into two compartments?
What type of joints have a fibrocartilaginous disc between the articulated surface, dividing the joint cavity into two compartments?
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What is the classification of joints based on the degree of movement?
What is the classification of joints based on the degree of movement?
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What type of joints are common in the axial skeleton?
What type of joints are common in the axial skeleton?
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What is the name of the ligament that binds bones together in sutural joints?
What is the name of the ligament that binds bones together in sutural joints?
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How many types of fibrous joints are there?
How many types of fibrous joints are there?
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What type of suture is characterized by the shape of the bone margins?
What type of suture is characterized by the shape of the bone margins?
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What is the type of joint that allows for slight movement?
What is the type of joint that allows for slight movement?
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What is the classification of joints based on the structure of the joint?
What is the classification of joints based on the structure of the joint?
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Study Notes
Cartilage Characteristics
- A rubbery type of connective tissue, tough and resilient
- Lacks blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
- Receives nutrition through diffusion from the blood vessels of perichondrium
- Composed of mature cartilage cells (chondrocytes), fibers, and matrix
- Resists compression forces and friction
- Has a great capacity for growth through multiplication of chondroblasts (immature cartilage cells)
Types of Cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage
- Most widespread in the human body
- Matrix is translucent
- Cartilage cells are numerous, small, and rounded
- Found in:
- Developing bones in fetuses
- Epiphyseal plates of long bones
- Articular cartilage in joints
- Costal cartilage and xiphoid process
- Larynx (except epiglottis)
- Ossification occurs in old age in certain sites (larynx and epiphyseal cartilages)
White Fibrocartilage
- Matrix is opaque due to rich collagen bundles
- Cartilage cells are few in number
- Found in:
- Intervertebral discs (IVD)
- Menisci
- Articular discs
- Ossification does not occur in old age
Yellow Elastic Fibrocartilage
- Matrix appears yellow due to rich yellow elastic fibers
- Cartilage cells are abundant
- Found in:
- Tip of the nose
- Auricle of the ear
- Epiglottis
- Ossification does not occur in old age
Knee Joint
- A major weight-bearing joint
- Stability depends on quadriceps and ligaments
- Articular surfaces are incongruent
- Subject to significant biomechanical stress daily, making it a common site of injury
- Unnatural movements (e.g., twisting, pivoting, sudden change of direction, or forceful blow) can cause injury
Patella Function
- Not mentioned in the text, but patella is not mentioned in the provided text
Fibrous Joints
- Three types: gomphosis, sutural joints, and syndesmosis
Gomphosis
- Cone-shaped root of a tooth fits into an alveolar socket of the maxilla or mandible
- Tooth is attached to the alveolar socket by a periodontal ligament
- Joint is immovable
Sutural Joints
- Found between bones of the skull (e.g., coronal suture: between frontal and parietal bones, sagittal suture: between parietal bones)
- Bones are bounded together by a sutural ligament
- In adults, sutures allow almost no movement between bones
- Sutural joints are present between bones that ossify in membrane
- Classified according to shapes of bone margins into:
- Plane suture: median palatine suture
- Serrate sutures: sagittal suture
- Denticulate suture: lambdoid suture
- Squamous sutures: parieto-temporal suture
- Schindylesis: e.g., between the rostrum of the sphenoid and the ala of the vomer
Syndesmosis
- Bones are held together by an interosseous ligament
- Slight movement is possible
- Examples not provided in the text
Cartilaginous Joints
- Two types: primary cartilaginous joints (synchondrosis) and secondary cartilaginous joints (symphysis)
Primary Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondrosis)
- Articulating surfaces are connected via hyaline cartilage
- Joint is immovable
- Temporary in nature (after a certain age, cartilage plate is replaced by bone formation)
- Examples: between epiphysis and diaphysis (epiphyseal plate)
Secondary Cartilaginous Joints (Symphysis)
- Articulating surfaces are connected via fibrocartilage
- Joints are slightly movable
- Permanent joints that persist throughout life
- Found in the median plane
- Examples: elbow and knee joints
- Some joints are complex, with a fibrocartilaginous disc between articulated surfaces, dividing the joint cavity into two compartments
Classification of Joints
- Based on structures or function
- Functional classification:
- Synarthroses (immovable): common in axial skeleton (fibrous-sutures)
- Amphiarthroses (slightly movable): common in axial skeleton (secondary cartilaginous joints)
- Diarthroses (freely movable): common in appendicular skeleton (synovial joints)
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Description
This quiz covers the properties and characteristics of cartilage, including its structure, nutrition, and functions.
