Questions and Answers
What do acids release when they are dissolved in water?
Which pH range indicates an alkaline solution?
What color does litmus paper turn in an acidic solution?
Which of the following is an example of an alkali?
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What is the pH of a neutral solution?
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Which indicator turns pink in alkaline solutions?
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What is a characteristic property of acids?
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Why should concentrated acids and alkalis be handled with care?
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Which of the following statements about alkalis is incorrect?
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Which substance is commonly used as an indicator?
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Study Notes
Characteristics of Acids and Alkalis
- Acids release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water.
- Properties of acids: taste sour, highly corrosive (especially concentrated acids like hydrochloric acid), can damage metals and skin.
- Examples of acids: vinegar, lemon juice.
Characteristics of Alkalis
- Alkalis are bases that dissolve in water, releasing hydroxide ions (OH⁻).
- Properties of alkalis: feel slippery, can be corrosive, neutralize acids to form salt and water.
- Examples of alkalis: household cleaners.
Differentiating Acids and Alkalis Using Indicators
- Indicators are substances that change color to indicate whether a solution is acidic, alkaline, or neutral.
- Common indicators:
- Litmus: turns red in acidic solutions, blue in alkaline solutions.
- Universal Indicator: provides a range of colors to represent the pH scale.
- Phenolphthalein: colorless in acidic solutions, pink in alkaline solutions.
The pH Scale
- Purpose: measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
- Scale: ranges from 0 to 14.
- Acidic solutions: pH less than 7.
- Neutral solutions: pH of 7.
- Alkaline solutions: pH greater than 7.
Everyday Uses and Safety
- Acids: found in food items like vinegar and citrus fruits.
- Alkalis: common in household cleaning products.
- Important: both concentrated acids and alkalis are corrosive and should be handled with care to avoid damage to metals and skin.
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Description
Learn about the properties and differences between acids and alkalis, including the pH scale and indicators. Understand the definitions, examples, and effects of acids and alkalis.
