18 Questions
What is the main difference between convenience sampling and purposive sampling?
Convenience sampling is based on availability and ease of recruitment, while purposive sampling uses the researcher's judgment based on inclusion criteria.
In which type of sampling method do primary data sources nominate other potential primary data sources?
Snowball/Chain-Referral Sampling
What is the purpose of Quota Sampling?
To reach a determined number of participants by accepting joiners until the quota is reached.
Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency under Descriptive Statistics?
Variance
What does Descriptive Statistics primarily aim to achieve?
Provide a statistical treatment of data to describe, show, or summarize it.
Which type of sampling involves selecting members based on the availability of participants and ease of recruitment?
Convenience Sampling
Which sampling method ensures that each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected?
Simple Random Sampling (SRS)
When is stratified sampling most applicable?
When the population is heterogeneous
Which type of sampling makes use of personal judgment or convenience?
Non-Probability Sampling
What does Probability sampling aim to achieve in terms of validity?
External Validity
Which sampling method involves subdividing the population based on preexisting partitions?
Stratified Sampling
What is the essential characteristic of simple random sampling (SRS)?
It guarantees each member of the population has an equal chance of selection
What is the purpose of sampling in statistics?
To select a collective from the population for making inferences
In statistics, what does 'population' refer to?
The complete set of individuals, objects or scores under study
What is a 'sample' in statistics?
A subset of the population
What is the purpose of Slovin’s Formula in sampling?
To determine the minimum sample size needed for accuracy
According to Green's Rule of Thumb (1991), when is a sample size considered acceptable for Multiple Correlation analysis?
$N > 50 + 8m$
What is the main difference between Probability and Non-probability sampling?
Probability sampling involves random selection, while non-probability sampling doesn't involve randomness.
Study Notes
Sampling
- Sampling is the scientific process of selecting a collective (called a “sample”) from the population of interest for the purpose of making inferences about that specific population.
- Population (N) refers to the complete set of individuals, objects, or scores that the investigator is interested in studying.
- Sample (n) is a subset of the population.
Determining Minimum Sample Size
- The minimum sample size can be determined using Slovin's Formula and Rules of Thumb such as Green's Rule of Thumb (1991) for studies utilizing Multiple Correlation & Regression analysis.
- N > 50 + 8m, where m is the number of predictors.
Types of Sampling
- Non-probability sampling: made through usage of personal judgment or convenience, including Convenience Sampling, Purposive Sampling, Snowball/Chain-Referral Sampling, and Quota Sampling.
- Probability/Random Sampling: ensures that each individual member has an equal chance of being selected, including Simple Random Sampling (SRS), Stratified Sampling, Cluster Sampling, Systematic Sampling, and Multistage Sampling.
Descriptive Statistics
- Descriptive statistics is used to describe, show, or summarize data in a meaningful way, but does not allow us to make conclusions or prove/disprove hypotheses.
- Types of Descriptive Statistics include:
- Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, Mode
- Measures of Variation: Range, Standard Deviation, Variance
Test your knowledge on the concepts of Sampling and Descriptive Statistics. Learn about determining minimum sample size, Probability vs Non-probability sampling, and applying descriptive statistics in MS Excel.
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