Chapters 3 & 4: Sampling and Descriptive Stats
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between convenience sampling and purposive sampling?

  • Convenience sampling involves inviting target populations through email, while purposive sampling involves general announcements on social media.
  • Convenience sampling relies on primary data sources, while purposive sampling relies on snowball sampling.
  • Convenience sampling is based on availability and ease of recruitment, while purposive sampling uses the researcher's judgment based on inclusion criteria. (correct)
  • Convenience sampling ensures a representative sample, while purposive sampling is more biased.

    • In which type of sampling method do primary data sources nominate other potential primary data sources?

  • Snowball/Chain-Referral Sampling (correct)
  • Convenience Sampling
  • Quota Sampling
  • Purposive Sampling

    • What is the purpose of Quota Sampling?

  • To reach a determined number of participants by accepting joiners until the quota is reached. (correct)
  • To invite target populations through multiple means to participate.
  • To ensure a completely random selection of participants.
  • To choose members of the population based on the researcher's judgment.

    • Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency under Descriptive Statistics?

    <p>Variance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Descriptive Statistics primarily aim to achieve?

    <p>Provide a statistical treatment of data to describe, show, or summarize it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sampling involves selecting members based on the availability of participants and ease of recruitment?

    <p>Convenience Sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sampling method ensures that each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected?

    <p>Simple Random Sampling (SRS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is stratified sampling most applicable?

    <p>When the population is heterogeneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sampling makes use of personal judgment or convenience?

    <p>Non-Probability Sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Probability sampling aim to achieve in terms of validity?

    <p>External Validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sampling method involves subdividing the population based on preexisting partitions?

    <p>Stratified Sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essential characteristic of simple random sampling (SRS)?

    <p>It guarantees each member of the population has an equal chance of selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sampling in statistics?

    <p>To select a collective from the population for making inferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In statistics, what does 'population' refer to?

    <p>The complete set of individuals, objects or scores under study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'sample' in statistics?

    <p>A subset of the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Slovin’s Formula in sampling?

    <p>To determine the minimum sample size needed for accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Green's Rule of Thumb (1991), when is a sample size considered acceptable for Multiple Correlation analysis?

    <p>$N &gt; 50 + 8m$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Probability and Non-probability sampling?

    <p>Probability sampling involves random selection, while non-probability sampling doesn't involve randomness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sampling

    • Sampling is the scientific process of selecting a collective (called a “sample”) from the population of interest for the purpose of making inferences about that specific population.
    • Population (N) refers to the complete set of individuals, objects, or scores that the investigator is interested in studying.
    • Sample (n) is a subset of the population.

    Determining Minimum Sample Size

    • The minimum sample size can be determined using Slovin's Formula and Rules of Thumb such as Green's Rule of Thumb (1991) for studies utilizing Multiple Correlation & Regression analysis.
    • N > 50 + 8m, where m is the number of predictors.

    Types of Sampling

    • Non-probability sampling: made through usage of personal judgment or convenience, including Convenience Sampling, Purposive Sampling, Snowball/Chain-Referral Sampling, and Quota Sampling.
    • Probability/Random Sampling: ensures that each individual member has an equal chance of being selected, including Simple Random Sampling (SRS), Stratified Sampling, Cluster Sampling, Systematic Sampling, and Multistage Sampling.

    Descriptive Statistics

    • Descriptive statistics is used to describe, show, or summarize data in a meaningful way, but does not allow us to make conclusions or prove/disprove hypotheses.
    • Types of Descriptive Statistics include:
      • Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, Mode
      • Measures of Variation: Range, Standard Deviation, Variance

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    Test your knowledge on the concepts of Sampling and Descriptive Statistics. Learn about determining minimum sample size, Probability vs Non-probability sampling, and applying descriptive statistics in MS Excel.

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