Chapter 7:8 Circulatory System Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is a vein?

  • Layer of the heart
  • Valves in the heart
  • Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
  • Blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart (correct)

    • What does the aortic valve do?

    It is the valve between the left ventricle and aorta.

    What is the myocardium?

    Muscular middle layer of the heart.

    What is the pericardium?

    <p>Double-layered membrane on the outside of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a thrombocyte?

    <p>Blood cell required for the clotting process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an artery do?

    <p>Carries blood away from the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the septum?

    <p>Muscular wall that separates the heart into a right and left side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hemoglobin?

    <p>Complex protein on red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a ventricle?

    <p>Lower chamber of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the endocardium?

    <p>Smooth layer of cells lining the inside of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pulmonary valve do?

    <p>It is the valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an atrium?

    <p>Upper chamber of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an erythrocyte?

    <p>Blood cell that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diastole?

    <p>Brief period of rest in the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is plasma?

    <p>Fluid portion of blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a capillary?

    <p>Blood vessel that connects arterioles with venules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the mitral valve do?

    <p>It is the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are leukocytes?

    <p>Blood cells that help fight infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is systole?

    <p>Period of ventricular contraction in the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is blood?

    <p>Tissue that flows through the circulatory system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in the heart during diastole?

    <p>Aortic valve is closed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in the heart during systole?

    <p>Right ventricle pushes blood in the pulmonary artery to the lungs; left ventricle pushes blood into the aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the parts of the conductive pathway for electrical impulses?

    <p>(SA) node, pathways on the atria, atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of HIS, right &amp; left bundle branches, purkinje fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is arrhythmia?

    <p>Abnormal heart rhythm; diagnosed by cardiac monitors &amp; electrocardiogram.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are arteries?

    <p>Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are veins?

    <p>Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are capillaries?

    <p>Blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest artery in the body?

    <p>Aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two largest veins in the body?

    <p>Superior and inferior vena cava.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are capillaries important for?

    <p>Allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through to cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are arterioles?

    <p>Smallest branch of the arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are venules?

    <p>Smallest branch of veins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are veins characterized by?

    <p>Vessels that contain valves to prevent backflow of blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are arteries characterized by?

    <p>Most muscular &amp; elastic blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 6 substances transported by the blood?

    <p>Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products, hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 6 substances that are dissolved or suspended in plasma?

    <p>Blood proteins, nutrients, mineral salts, gases, hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives blood its characteristic red color?

    <p>Hemoglobin &amp; the amount of oxygen present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hemoglobin?

    <p>Complex protein found on the red blood cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cells phagocytize bacteria?

    <p>Neutrophils and/or monocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do lymphocytes do?

    <p>Provide immunity for the body by developing antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do eosinophils do?

    <p>Defend the body from allergic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do basophils produce?

    <p>Histamine and heparin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an aneurysm?

    <p>Saclike formation in the wall of an artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are anemias?

    <p>Inadequate number of red blood cells, hemoglobin or both.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are varicose veins?

    <p>Dilated swollen veins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is atherosclerosis?

    <p>A fatty deposit on the walls of arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hemophilia?

    <p>Disease characterized by failure of the blood to clot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hypertension?

    <p>High blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thrombophlebitis?

    <p>Inflammation of the veins with formation of a clot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is myocardial infarction?

    <p>Blockage in the coronary arteries of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an embolus?

    <p>Foreign substance circulating in the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is leukemia?

    <p>Malignant disease with large numbers of immature white blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Circulatory System Vocabulary

    • Vein: Blood vessel transporting blood back to the heart.
    • Aortic Valve: Located between the left ventricle and the aorta; regulates blood flow.
    • Myocardium: Muscular middle layer of the heart responsible for contraction.
    • Pericardium: Double-layered membrane encasing the heart, protecting it.
    • Thrombocyte: Blood cell essential for the clotting mechanism.
    • Artery: Blood vessel conveying blood away from the heart.
    • Septum: Muscular wall separating the heart into right and left sides.
    • Hemoglobin: Complex protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide.
    • Ventricle: Lower chamber of the heart, involved in pumping blood.
    • Endocardium: Smooth cell layer lining the heart's interior.

    Heart Function and Structure

    • Pulmonary Valve: Valve located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery, facilitating blood flow to the lungs.
    • Atrium: Upper chamber of the heart, receiving blood from the body or lungs.
    • Erythrocyte: Red blood cell responsible for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide.
    • Diastole: Phase in the cardiac cycle where the heart rests, leading to the closing of the aortic valve.
    • Plasma: Fluid component of blood, containing various dissolved substances.
    • Capillary: Small blood vessel connecting arterioles and venules, site of nutrient and gas exchange.
    • Mitral Valve: Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle, controlling blood flow.
    • Leukocyte: White blood cell important for immune defense against infections.

    Cardiac Cycle Insights

    • Systole: Phase of ventricular contraction where blood is ejected into the pulmonary artery and aorta.
    • Conductive Pathway: Includes SA node, AV node, and Purkinje fibers; responsible for transmitting electrical impulses through the heart.
    • Arrhythmia: Irregular heart rhythm diagnosed via cardiac monitors and electrocardiograms.

    Blood Vessels and Functions

    • Arteries: Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart; they are the most muscular and elastic vessels.
    • Veins: Blood vessels that return blood to the heart; contain valves to prevent back flow.
    • Capillaries: Facilitate exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues.
    • Aorta: The body’s largest artery, distributing oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation.
    • Superior and Inferior Vena Cava: Two largest veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart.

    Blood Components and Disorders

    • Substances Transported by Blood: Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products, and hormones.
    • Substances in Plasma: Blood proteins, minerals, gases, and hormones.
    • Hemoglobin's Role: Gives blood its red color; crucial for oxygen transport.
    • Phagocytosis: Process utilized by neutrophils and monocytes to engulf pathogens.
    • Lymphocytes: White blood cells that synthesize antibodies, providing immunity.
    • Eosinophils: White blood cells involved in combating allergic reactions and parasitic infections.
    • Basophils: Produce substances like histamine and heparin aiding in inflammatory responses.

    Cardiovascular Disorders

    • Aneurysm: Sac-like structure formed on an artery wall.
    • Anemias: Condition caused by insufficient red blood cells or hemoglobin.
    • Varicose Veins: Enlarged, swollen veins often resulting from valve failure.
    • Atherosclerosis: Disease involving fatty deposits in artery walls.
    • Hemophilia: Genetic disorder affecting blood's ability to clot.
    • Hypertension: Condition characterized by elevated blood pressure.
    • Thrombophlebitis: Inflammation of veins accompanied by clot formation.
    • Myocardial Infarction: Heart attack due to blockage in coronary arteries.
    • Embolus: An obstruction in the bloodstream caused by foreign matter.
    • Leukemia: Malignant blood condition with a surplus of immature white blood cells.

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    Test your knowledge of the circulatory system with these flashcards. Each card features a key term related to the anatomy and function of the heart and blood vessels, complete with definitions for better understanding. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their learning on this essential biological system.

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