Questions and Answers
Special Senses occur because the body has organs that receive ____, nerves that carry the message to the ____, and a brain that ____ and ____ to sensory messages.
Special senses occur because the body has organs that receive____, nerves that carry the message to the , and a brain that and ____ to sensory messages.
- sensations, 2. brain, 3. interprets, 4. responds
What is the sclera?
Outer layer of the eye with tough connective tissue.
What is the retina?
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What is the anterior chamber?
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What is the iris?
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What is the lens?
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Name five parts of the eye that the light rays pass through to focus the retina.
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What is astigmatism?
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What is glaucoma?
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What is myopia?
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What is strabismus?
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What is a cataract?
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What is conjunctivitis?
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What is presbyopia?
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What is macular degeneration?
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What is cerumen and what is its function?
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Name the three ossicles of the middle ear.
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What is the Eustachian tube and what does it do?
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What is the vestibule?
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What is the cochlea?
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What is the organ of Corti?
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What are semicircular canals?
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What is otitis media?
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What is otosclerosis?
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If sound waves are not being conducted to the inner ear, this causes a/an ______ hearing loss of deafness. Damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve causes a _____ hearing loss or deafness.
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What determines the sense of smell?
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Name five general sense receptors.
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What is amblyopia?
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Where does the auditory nerve carry impulses to the brain?
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How many smells can a human nose detect?
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Which is more sensitive, nose or taste?
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Study Notes
Overview of Special Senses
- Special senses involve sensory organs, nerves, and the brain to perceive sensations.
- Sensations are processed by the brain, which interprets and responds to sensory inputs.
Eye Anatomy and Functions
- Sclera: Tough outer layer of the eye providing protection.
- Retina: Innermost layer responsible for converting light into neural signals.
- Anterior Chamber: Contains clear watery fluid between the cornea and iris, aiding in eye shape and pressure.
- Iris: Colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil and light entry.
- Lens: Circular structure located behind the pupil, helps focus light onto the retina.
- Path of Light: Light rays pass through the cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, lens, and aqueous humor to focus on the retina.
Common Vision Disorders
- Astigmatism: Blurred vision due to abnormal cornea shape.
- Glaucoma: Increased intraocular pressure from excess aqueous humor, can lead to vision loss.
- Myopia: Nearsightedness where distant objects appear blurry.
- Strabismus: Condition of crossed eyes from muscle weakness.
- Cataract: Clouding of the lens, affecting vision clarity.
- Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of conjunctiva, often contagious.
- Presbyopia: Farsightedness from loss of lens elasticity with age.
- Macular Degeneration: Deterioration of the retina's central area, leading to significant vision loss.
Ear Anatomy and Functions
- Cerumen: Earwax that protects and lubricates the ear canal.
- Ossicles: Three tiny bones in the middle ear - malleus, incus, and stapes - crucial for sound transmission.
- Eustachian Tube: Equalizes air pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane.
- Vestibule: The entrance to the inner ear, key for balance.
- Cochlea: Spiral structure that contains hair cells for sound detection.
- Organ of Corti: Receptor area for sound wave vibrations.
- Semicircular Canals: Part of the inner ear containing fluid that aids in balance.
Hearing Loss Types
- Conductive Hearing Loss: Results from sound wave conduction issues to the inner ear.
- Sensory Hearing Loss: Arises from damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.
Olfactory and General Sensations
- Olfactory Receptors: Specialized receptors in the nose responsible for the sense of smell.
- General Sense Receptors: Include heat, cold, touch, pain, and pressure.
- Humans can detect approximately 6,000 distinct smells.
Additional Notes
- Amblyopia: Also known as "lazy eye," a condition leading to the underdevelopment of one eye’s vision.
- Sensitivity comparison between Nose and Taste: The nose is generally more sensitive for detecting various odors compared to taste sensations.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the special senses through these flashcards. Focus on key terms and definitions related to the anatomy and functions of sensory organs. This quiz covers important concepts such as the sclera, retina, and the brain's role in interpreting sensory messages.
