Chapter 7: Special Senses Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Special Senses occur because the body has organs that receive ____, nerves that carry the message to the ____, and a brain that ____ and ____ to sensory messages.

Special senses occur because the body has organs that receive____, nerves that carry the message to the , and a brain that and ____ to sensory messages.

  1. sensations, 2. brain, 3. interprets, 4. responds

What is the sclera?

Outer layer of the eye with tough connective tissue.

What is the retina?

<p>Innermost layer of the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anterior chamber?

<p>Clear watery fluid that fills the space between the cornea and iris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the iris?

<p>The colored portion of the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lens?

<p>Circular structure located behind the pupil and suspended in position by ligaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name five parts of the eye that the light rays pass through to focus the retina.

<p>Cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, lens, aqueous humor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is astigmatism?

<p>An abnormal shape or curvature in the cornea that causes blurred vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is glaucoma?

<p>Increased intraocular pressure caused by an excess amount of aqueous humor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is myopia?

<p>Nearsightedness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is strabismus?

<p>Crossed eyes resulting from a weakness in eye muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cataract?

<p>Lens become cloudy or opaque.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is conjunctivitis?

<p>Contagious inflammation of conjunctiva.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is presbyopia?

<p>Farsightedness caused by a loss of elasticity in the lens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is macular degeneration?

<p>A disease of the central and most sensitive section of the retina that is a major cause of vision loss and blindness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cerumen and what is its function?

<p>It is wax that protects the ear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the three ossicles of the middle ear.

<p>Malleus, incus, stapes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Eustachian tube and what does it do?

<p>Middle ear is a tube that allows equalization of air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the vestibule?

<p>Entrance to the ear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cochlea?

<p>Contains hair-like cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the organ of Corti?

<p>Receptor of sound waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are semicircular canals?

<p>Located in the inner ear that contains liquid and cells that bend when the liquid moves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is otitis media?

<p>An infection of the middle ear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is otosclerosis?

<p>A hearing loss caused by lack of movement of the stapes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If sound waves are not being conducted to the inner ear, this causes a/an ______ hearing loss of deafness. Damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve causes a _____ hearing loss or deafness.

<ol> <li>conductive, 2. sensory</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the sense of smell?

<p>Olfactory receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name five general sense receptors.

<ol> <li>heat, 2. cold, 3. touch, 4. pain, 5. pressure.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is amblyopia?

Signup and view all the answers

Where does the auditory nerve carry impulses to the brain?

Signup and view all the answers

How many smells can a human nose detect?

<ol start="6000"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Which is more sensitive, nose or taste?

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Study Notes

Overview of Special Senses

  • Special senses involve sensory organs, nerves, and the brain to perceive sensations.
  • Sensations are processed by the brain, which interprets and responds to sensory inputs.

Eye Anatomy and Functions

  • Sclera: Tough outer layer of the eye providing protection.
  • Retina: Innermost layer responsible for converting light into neural signals.
  • Anterior Chamber: Contains clear watery fluid between the cornea and iris, aiding in eye shape and pressure.
  • Iris: Colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil and light entry.
  • Lens: Circular structure located behind the pupil, helps focus light onto the retina.
  • Path of Light: Light rays pass through the cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, lens, and aqueous humor to focus on the retina.

Common Vision Disorders

  • Astigmatism: Blurred vision due to abnormal cornea shape.
  • Glaucoma: Increased intraocular pressure from excess aqueous humor, can lead to vision loss.
  • Myopia: Nearsightedness where distant objects appear blurry.
  • Strabismus: Condition of crossed eyes from muscle weakness.
  • Cataract: Clouding of the lens, affecting vision clarity.
  • Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of conjunctiva, often contagious.
  • Presbyopia: Farsightedness from loss of lens elasticity with age.
  • Macular Degeneration: Deterioration of the retina's central area, leading to significant vision loss.

Ear Anatomy and Functions

  • Cerumen: Earwax that protects and lubricates the ear canal.
  • Ossicles: Three tiny bones in the middle ear - malleus, incus, and stapes - crucial for sound transmission.
  • Eustachian Tube: Equalizes air pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane.
  • Vestibule: The entrance to the inner ear, key for balance.
  • Cochlea: Spiral structure that contains hair cells for sound detection.
  • Organ of Corti: Receptor area for sound wave vibrations.
  • Semicircular Canals: Part of the inner ear containing fluid that aids in balance.

Hearing Loss Types

  • Conductive Hearing Loss: Results from sound wave conduction issues to the inner ear.
  • Sensory Hearing Loss: Arises from damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.

Olfactory and General Sensations

  • Olfactory Receptors: Specialized receptors in the nose responsible for the sense of smell.
  • General Sense Receptors: Include heat, cold, touch, pain, and pressure.
  • Humans can detect approximately 6,000 distinct smells.

Additional Notes

  • Amblyopia: Also known as "lazy eye," a condition leading to the underdevelopment of one eye’s vision.
  • Sensitivity comparison between Nose and Taste: The nose is generally more sensitive for detecting various odors compared to taste sensations.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the special senses through these flashcards. Focus on key terms and definitions related to the anatomy and functions of sensory organs. This quiz covers important concepts such as the sclera, retina, and the brain's role in interpreting sensory messages.

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