Chapter 7: IoT Physical Devices & Endpoints
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Questions and Answers

What feature of Raspberry Pi allows it to interface with sensors and actuators?

  • USB Ports
  • System-on-a-Chip (SoC)
  • General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins (correct)
  • Random Access Memory (RAM)
  • Which operating system does Raspberry Pi run, which supports Python 'out of the box'?

  • Android OS
  • Windows OS
  • Raspberry Pi OS (correct)
  • Ubuntu Linux
  • Which of the following statements accurately defines an IoT device?

  • An IoT device is strictly related to industrial applications and cannot be used for consumer products.
  • An IoT device must have a unique identifier and the ability to send/receive data over a network. (correct)
  • An IoT device is limited to only monitoring environmental conditions.
  • An IoT device can only function independently without any network connection.
  • What does the phrase 'out of the box' imply in the context of software like Python on Raspberry Pi?

    <p>Is functional immediately after installation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do communication modules serve in an IoT device?

    <p>They send collected data to other devices and receive commands from remote applications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the Raspberry Pi is responsible for executing instructions and performing general-purpose computing tasks?

    <p>Central Processing Unit (CPU) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which basic building block of an IoT device is responsible for taking actions upon its environment?

    <p>Actuation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of storage is primarily used by Raspberry Pi to hold the operating system and applications?

    <p>MicroSD cards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features is not typically found in a Raspberry Pi?

    <p>Integration of thermal imaging for environmental monitoring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which interface is commonly used for connecting sensors in an IoT device?

    <p>I2C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of power supply do Raspberry Pi boards typically use?

    <p>Micro USB or USB-C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system is optimized for Raspberry Pi and is a port of Debian Wheezy?

    <p>Raspbian (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two interfaces allow for communication with external hardware on the Raspberry Pi?

    <p>SPI and I2C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GPIO pin is used for the Serial Data Line in I2C communication?

    <p>GPIO 2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Raspberry Pi model ranges typically include built-in Bluetooth capabilities?

    <p>Raspberry Pi 3 and later (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following GPIO pins is NOT listed for Raspberry Pi GPIO?

    <p>GPIO 26 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym I2C stand for in the context of Raspberry Pi interfaces?

    <p>Inter-Integrated Circuit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a media-center distribution optimized for Raspberry Pi?

    <p>RaspBMC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GPIO pin corresponds to the UART Transmit (TX) function?

    <p>GPIO 14 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Raspberry Pi distributions is known for being a fast and user-friendly XBMC media-center?

    <p>OpenELEC (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    System-on-a-Chip (SoC)

    The main processor of a Raspberry Pi board, integrating CPU, GPU, and other components onto a single chip.

    CPU (Central Processing Unit)

    Responsible for the execution of instructions and general-purpose computing tasks. In Raspberry Pi, it typically uses an ARM-based processor known for low power consumption and efficient performance.

    GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)

    A specialized processor designed for graphics-related tasks, offloading these from the CPU, especially for multimedia applications and graphical user interfaces.

    RAM (Random Access Memory)

    Provides temporary storage for data and instructions actively being used by the CPU. Raspberry Pi models offer varying RAM sizes, from 1GB to 8GB, impacting the board's performance and multitasking capabilities.

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    GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) Pins

    A set of pins used for connecting and interacting with external devices, such as sensors, motors, LEDs, and other electronic components.

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    What is an IoT Device?

    A physical object that can communicate with other devices over a network, send and receive data, and be identified uniquely.

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    What are the main building blocks of an IoT device?

    Sensors capture information from the environment, actuators physically interact with the surroundings based on collected data, communication modules enable data exchange, and processing modules analyze the collected information.

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    What is the Raspberry Pi?

    The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card sized computer that runs various Linux operating systems. It's used for various tasks, including controlling and monitoring IoT devices.

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    What are Raspberry Pi interfaces?

    The Raspberry Pi offers various interfaces like UART, SPI, I2C, CAN, USB, Ethernet, and SD card slots, allowing it to interact with a wide range of sensors, actuators, and other devices.

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    How is Raspberry Pi programmed?

    Python is a popular programming language used with Raspberry Pi to create code that instructs the device to perform specific tasks, interact with external devices and sensors, and control various functions.

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    Ethernet

    A type of connection used for wired networks, commonly found on Raspberry Pi boards.

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    Wi-Fi

    A way to connect to the internet without wires, using wireless signals.

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    I2C

    A protocol that allows communication between Raspberry Pi and other devices using a two-wire connection. It stands for Inter-Integrated Circuit.

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    SPI

    A synchronous serial data protocol used for communicating with multiple devices connected to Raspberry Pi.

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    Serial Interface

    A communication interface on Raspberry Pi that allows data transfer using receive and transmit pins.

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    Raspbian

    A Linux operating system optimized for Raspberry Pi, widely used for its versatility and community support.

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    Pidora

    A Fedora Linux distribution optimized for Raspberry Pi, offering a user-friendly and stable experience.

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    RaspBMC

    A media center distribution for Raspberry Pi, known for its user-friendly interface and media playback features.

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    OpenELEC

    A fast and lightweight media center distribution for Raspberry Pi, focusing on XBMC media playback.

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    RISC OS

    A very fast and compact operating system for Raspberry Pi, known for its efficiency.

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    Study Notes

    Chapter 7: IoT Physical Devices & Endpoints

    • IoT devices are objects with unique identifiers that send/receive data over a network.
    • They gather information about themselves or their surroundings (using sensors).
    • IoT devices can send this information to other devices or servers.
    • They can also control physical entities remotely.
    • Examples of IoT devices include smart phones, smart TVs, computers, refrigerators, cars, etc.

    IoT Device Examples

    • Home automation devices allow remote monitoring and control of appliances.
    • Industrial machines report operational status and health data to a server.
    • Cars provide location information to cloud-based services.
    • Wearable devices track data like steps walked and send it to a cloud service.

    Basic Building Blocks of an IoT Device

    • Sensing: Sensors can be built-in to the device or attached.
    • Actuation: IoT devices have actuators for controlling physical entities.
    • Communication: Modules send and receive data to/from other devices or servers.
    • Analysis & Processing: Modules interpret collected data.

    Block Diagram of an IoT Device

    • Connectivity: (e.g., USB Host, RJ45/Ethernet)
    • Processor: (e.g., CPU)
    • Graphics: (e.g., GPU)
    • Audio/Video: (e.g., HDMI, RCA video)
    • Interconnect
    • Interfaces (various types)
    • Storage Interfaces (e.g., SD, MMC)
    • Memory Interfaces (e.g., NAND/NOR, DDR1/DDR2/DDR3, SDIO)

    Exemplary Device: Raspberry Pi

    • Low-cost mini-computer with credit card-sized physical form factor
    • Runs various Linux flavors
    • Performs tasks like a typical desktop computer
    • Interfaces with sensors and actuators through General Purpose Inputs/Outputs (GPIO)
    • Supports Python "out of the box" due to the Linux operating system

    Raspberry Pi Components

    • System-on-a-Chip (SoC): Houses the CPU, GPU, and other components on a single chip. (e.g., Broadcom BCM2xxx series)
    • CPU: Executes instructions.
    • GPU: Handles graphic-related tasks.
    • RAM: Temporary data and instruction storage (1GB - 8GB)
    • Storage: Uses microSD cards, not built-in storage drives.
    • GPIO Pins: Interact with external devices.
    • USB Ports: Connect peripherals (e.g., keyboards, mice, Wi-Fi dongles)
    • Video and Audio Outputs: (e.g., HDMI composite, audio jacks)
    • Ethernet and Wireless Connectivity
    • Power Supply: Micro USB or USB-C port

    Raspberry Pi Interfaces

    • Serial: Communication with serial peripherals (Rx, Tx ).
    • SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface): Communicates with one or more peripheral devices synchronously.
    • I2C: Connects hardware modules (data line SDA, clock line SCL).

    Linux on Raspberry Pi

    • Raspbian: Debian Wheezy port optimized for Raspberry Pi.
    • Arch: Arch Linux port for AMD devices.
    • Pidora: Fedora Linux port for Raspberry Pi
    • RaspBMC: XBMC media center distribution
    • OpenELEC: Fast and user-friendly XBMC distribution.
    • RISC OS: Very fast, compact OS.

    Other Devices

    • pcDuino: Similar to Raspberry Pi, ARM-based processor.
    • BeagleBone Black: Texas Instruments Sitara AM335x ARM Cortex-A8 processor.
    • Cubieboard: Allwinner ARM processors, microSD card storage, various GPIOs.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of IoT devices, including their unique identifiers and data communication capabilities. This chapter covers various examples of IoT devices, such as home automation systems and wearables, along with their basic components like sensors and actuators.

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