16 Questions
What does the term 'Body Image' generally refer to?
How one thinks and feels towards one's body
Who defined self-esteem in the 1960s as an attitude concerning one's worth as a person?
William James
According to St. Augustine of Hippo, why are things beautiful?
Because they are a reflection of the idea of beauty that already exists in the realm of Forms
What did Plato connect beauty to?
A response to love and desire
According to Aristotle, what are the chief forms of beauty?
Order, symmetry, and definiteness that can be demonstrated by mathematical sciences
What is the definition of self-esteem according to William James?
The number of successes a person achieves in important life domains
According to David Hume, where does beauty exist?
In the mind which contemplates them
What did Immanuel Kant describe the judgement of taste as?
Aesthetic
According to Francis Hutcherson, how does the perception of beauty operate?
Internally as an internal or reflex sense
What is a cognitive bias?
An error in reasoning or mental processes influenced by one's preferences and beliefs
What does the Halo Effect refer to?
The tendency to rate attractive individuals more favorably for their personality traits
What is physical beauty defined as?
The degree to which a person’s physical traits are considered pleasing or beautiful
What is a Self-Image Problem related to?
A mismatch between one's looks and beauty standards
Why is female sex considered the 'fundamental' sex according to the text?
Because all fertilized eggs will develop into females if a particular chemical prompting is absent
What does the term 'puberty' refer to?
The stage at which individuals become sexually mature
What does the term 'erogenous zones' refer to?
Areas of the body that are highly sensitive to stimuli and are always sexually exciting
Study Notes
Body Image and Beauty
- The term 'Body Image' generally refers to a person's perception and attitude towards their own body.
Historical Views on Beauty
- In the 1960s, Morris Rosenberg defined self-esteem as an attitude concerning one's worth as a person.
- According to St. Augustine of Hippo, things are beautiful because they reflect the beauty of God.
- Plato connected beauty to the divine and the eternal.
- Aristotle considered the chief forms of beauty to be order, symmetry, and definiteness.
- According to William James, self-esteem is the confidence in one's abilities and the ability to make progress towards achieving goals.
- David Hume believed that beauty exists in the eye of the beholder, i.e., it is a subjective experience.
- Immanuel Kant described the judgment of taste as a subjective, universal, and necessary experience.
- Francis Hutcherson believed that the perception of beauty operates through the association of ideas and the principle of habit.
Cognitive Biases and Physical Beauty
- A cognitive bias is a systematic error in thinking and perception that affects judgment and decision-making.
- The Halo Effect refers to the tendency to form an overall positive impression of someone based on a single trait or characteristic.
- Physical beauty is defined as a combination of physical attractiveness, health, and youthfulness.
- A Self-Image Problem is related to body dissatisfaction, negative self-evaluation, and low self-esteem.
Human Development and Sexuality
- Female sex is considered the 'fundamental' sex because it is the default sex in human development.
- Puberty refers to the physical, emotional, and social changes that occur during adolescence.
- Erogenous zones refer to areas of the body that are highly sensitive to touch and can elicit a sexual response.
Test your knowledge of the physical self, body image, and self-esteem concepts. Explore how individuals perceive and feel about their bodies and the factors that influence self-esteem.
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