42 Questions
What is the primary function of C3b in the complement system?
To directly bind to the cell surface and tag it for phagocytosis
Which of the following is a key step in the construction of the membrane attack complex (MAC)?
C5b attaches to the cell and allows activation and assembly of C6, C7, C8, and C9
What is the main function of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules?
To bind to T cell receptors and present peptides for recognition
Which of the following is a key difference between MHC class I and MHC class II molecules?
MHC class I molecules are involved in the presentation of peptides to CD8+ T cells, while MHC class II molecules are involved in the presentation of peptides to CD4+ T cells
What is the primary function of T cell receptors (TCRs)?
To interact with epitopes (peptides) that are bound to either MHC class I or class II molecules on a cell as peptide-MHC (pMHC) complexes
Which of the following is a key feature of the T cell receptor (TCR)?
It consists of a polypeptide pair and a CD3 complex that provides signaling
What is the primary function of cytokines in the immune response?
To act as chemoattractants and facilitate cellular growth, differentiation, inflammation, and repair
Which of the following is a key difference between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells?
CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells both interact with peptides bound to either MHC class I or class II molecules
What is the primary function of the CD3 complex associated with the T cell receptor (TCR)?
To provide signaling for the T cell receptor (TCR)
What is the main function of immunoglobulins?
Interact with body systems for biological activities
How many polypeptide chains are present in the basic monomeric structure of immunoglobulins?
2 Heavy chains and 2 Light chains
Which domain contains a variable domain and 1 or more constant domains in the Light chain of immunoglobulins?
Variable domain
How many types of H chains determine the Class (Isotype) of immunoglobulins?
5 types
Where are the antigen-binding sites located on an immunoglobulin molecule?
Variable domain of the Light chain
How many domains do Light chains have in an immunoglobulin monomer?
2 domains
What is the main role of the Hinge Region in an immunoglobulin molecule?
Link Heavy chains with Light chains
Which molecule is associated with the T-cell receptor (TCR) and involved in signaling once the TCR is engaged?
CD3 complex
Which immunoglobulin class is mainly responsible for activating complement through the Classical Pathway?
IgM
How many subclasses does Immunoglobulin A (IgA) have?
2
Which type of cells recognize MHC class II molecules on cells?
Helper T cells
Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta?
IgG
What is the mechanism by which the immune system avoids constantly responding to self-antigens and innocuous environmental antigens?
Tolerance mechanisms
What is the state of lymphocyte unresponsiveness called?
Anergy
Which immunoglobulin class is primarily involved in immediate hypersensitivity reactions?
IgE
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the presence of antibodies to a specific pathogen?
Autoimmune disorder
Which immunoglobulin class is the main Ig of the secondary response?
IgG
How many antigen-binding sites does Immunoglobulin M (IgM) have?
10
Which type of immunodiagnostic procedure is used to detect either antigens or antibodies in clinical specimens?
All of the above
Which immunoglobulin class is found mainly as a monomer on nave B cells?
IgD
What type of molecules permit cellular communication and provide stable cell-to-cell contact?
Adhesion molecules
Which of the following statements about T and B cells is correct?
T and B cells require two signals to be activated.
What percentage of serum Igs does Immunoglobulin D (IgD) represent?
Less than 1%
Which type of cells recognize MHC class I molecules on cells?
Cytotoxic T cells and suppressor T cells
Which of the following is NOT a result of the classical pathway of complement activation?
Activation of the alternative complement pathway
Which of the following statements about the C1 complex is correct?
It is composed of three subunits: C1q, C1r, and C1s
What is the role of the C4b2b3b complex in the classical complement pathway?
It is a C5 convertase that cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b
Which of the following events occurs first in the classical complement pathway?
Binding of C1q to the antigen-antibody complex
Which of the following immunoglobulins can initiate the classical complement pathway when bound to an antigen?
IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgM
What is the role of the C3a and C5a components in the classical complement pathway?
They act as anaphylatoxins, inducing an inflammatory response
Which of the following statements about the classical complement pathway is correct?
All of the above
Which of the following events occurs during the classical complement pathway?
Activation of the C3a and C5a components as anaphylatoxins
What is the role of the C4b2b complex in the classical complement pathway?
It is a C3 convertase that cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b
Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 6 of Adaptive Immunity, including Immunoglobulins, Complement Pathway, MHC, T Cells, and Molecules of Cellular Interaction. Explore topics like membrane Igs, secreted Igs, and their role in the Humoral Immune Response.
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