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Chapter 6: How Cells Read the Genome - From DNA to RNA

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Questions and Answers

What is the orientation of the RNA molecule produced during transcription?

Quadruple-stranded
Double-stranded
Single-stranded (correct)
Triple-stranded

How often do RNA polymerases make mistakes during transcription?

One mistake for every 107 nucleotides copied
One mistake for every 1000 nucleotides copied
One mistake for every 10 nucleotides copied
One mistake for every 104 nucleotides copied (correct)

What is required for RNA polymerase to initiate transcription?

A primer
A proofreader
An enzyme
None of the above (correct)

What is the function of the proofreading mechanism in RNA polymerase?

To correct mistakes during transcription (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does RNA polymerase transcribe the RNA strand?

Continuously by the same RNA polymerase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the σ factor in the transcription process?

To position the RNA polymerase at the correct promoter (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the initial RNA synthesis phase?

Release of short, unproductive transcripts (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the termination signals in DNA?

To destabilize the polymerase's hold on the RNA (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between transcription initiation in bacteria and eukaryotes?

The number of transcription factors required (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the RNA polymerase after synthesizing about 10 nucleotides of RNA?

It releases the σ factor (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tRNA synthetases during protein synthesis?

To ensure the accuracy of amino acid coupling to tRNA molecules (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where do proteins undergo folding, enzymatic modification, and assembly?

In the ribosomes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of molecular chaperones during protein synthesis?

To guide the folding of most proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of single-strand RNA molecules in the RNA world?

They can fold into highly elaborate structures (B) Signup and view all the answers

What marks the end of translation during protein synthesis?

Stop codons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chromatin-modifying proteins in transcription initiation?

To modify histone proteins to allow access to transcription factors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spliceosome?

To perform RNA splicing (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of wobble base-pairing between codons and anticodons?

Increased flexibility in protein synthesis (B) Signup and view all the answers