Chapter 6: How Cells Read the Genome - From DNA to RNA
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Questions and Answers

What is the orientation of the RNA molecule produced during transcription?

  • Quadruple-stranded
  • Double-stranded
  • Single-stranded (correct)
  • Triple-stranded

How often do RNA polymerases make mistakes during transcription?

  • One mistake for every 107 nucleotides copied
  • One mistake for every 1000 nucleotides copied
  • One mistake for every 10 nucleotides copied
  • One mistake for every 104 nucleotides copied (correct)

What is required for RNA polymerase to initiate transcription?

  • A primer
  • A proofreader
  • An enzyme
  • None of the above (correct)

What is the function of the proofreading mechanism in RNA polymerase?

<p>To correct mistakes during transcription (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does RNA polymerase transcribe the RNA strand?

<p>Continuously by the same RNA polymerase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the σ factor in the transcription process?

<p>To position the RNA polymerase at the correct promoter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the initial RNA synthesis phase?

<p>Release of short, unproductive transcripts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the termination signals in DNA?

<p>To destabilize the polymerase's hold on the RNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between transcription initiation in bacteria and eukaryotes?

<p>The number of transcription factors required (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the RNA polymerase after synthesizing about 10 nucleotides of RNA?

<p>It releases the σ factor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tRNA synthetases during protein synthesis?

<p>To ensure the accuracy of amino acid coupling to tRNA molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do proteins undergo folding, enzymatic modification, and assembly?

<p>In the ribosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of molecular chaperones during protein synthesis?

<p>To guide the folding of most proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of single-strand RNA molecules in the RNA world?

<p>They can fold into highly elaborate structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What marks the end of translation during protein synthesis?

<p>Stop codons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chromatin-modifying proteins in transcription initiation?

<p>To modify histone proteins to allow access to transcription factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spliceosome?

<p>To perform RNA splicing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of wobble base-pairing between codons and anticodons?

<p>Increased flexibility in protein synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first modification of eukaryotic pre-mRNAs?

<p>RNA capping (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nucleolus?

<p>Synthesis of ribosomal RNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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