Chapter 5: Information Privacy
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the benefits of privacy for individuals?

  • Increases social anxiety
  • Limits intellectual development
  • Enhances personal growth (correct)
  • Encourages over-dependence on others

    • How did Warren and Brandeis define privacy?

  • The right to be let alone (correct)
  • The right to manage one’s property
  • The right to maintain relationships
  • The right to be free from government control

    • What historical view contributed to the argument for a natural right to privacy?

  • Homes as places of work
  • Homes considered temporary shelters
  • Homes viewed as public spaces
  • Homes viewed as sanctuaries (correct)

    • What issue does Judith Jarvis Thomson raise about defining privacy?

    <p>It can be too narrow or too broad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amendment indirectly supports the argument for privacy rights?

    <p>3rd Amendment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the authors argue about the impact of privacy violations?

    <p>Another right is also violated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does privacy from a legal perspective primarily aim to achieve?

    <p>Protect individual autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do credit bureaus primarily track regarding individuals?

    <p>Assets, debts, and payment history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of targeted direct mail?

    <p>To send advertisements only to likely purchasers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors do political campaigns use for microtargeting?

    <p>Voter registration, voting frequency, and consumer data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do banks assess an individual's creditworthiness using social networks?

    <p>By combining social network data with credit reports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which setting can you change in Facebook to control who sees your information?

    <p>Who can look you up using your email address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of implanted microchips in domesticated dogs in Taiwan?

    <p>To identify ownership and return lost dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT provided by OnStar communication systems in automobiles?

    <p>Remote vehicle ignition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mobile apps is known for collecting and selling location data?

    <p>Angry Birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information can RFID tags in humans store?

    <p>Medical information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What data do automobile 'black boxes' typically maintain?

    <p>Speed of the car and brake pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does universalizing the rule of secret monitoring imply about employee privacy?

    <p>Secret monitoring would become impossible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of electronic medical records compared to paper-based systems?

    <p>Increased risk of unauthorized access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What data can be accessed by an app developer when a user logs in using Facebook credentials?

    <p>User's name, location, and email address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the proposed rule of secret monitoring considered self-defeating?

    <p>It negates the expectation of privacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential benefit of using electronic medical records?

    <p>Quicker information sharing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of good parents is highlighted in the evaluation of Sullivans’ actions?

    <p>Concern for the child’s well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a public record?

    <p>Birth certificates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What service does OnStar provide after an accident occurs?

    <p>Initiates two-way communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can an automobile 'black box' maintain data before an accident?

    <p>5 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT mentioned as a type of public record?

    <p>Employer evaluations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered information held by private organizations?

    <p>Credit card purchases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How have computerized databases affected public records?

    <p>They have made public records easier to access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method of data gathering that raises privacy implications?

    <p>Cookies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be expected of parents after they have monitored a nanny?

    <p>To cease monitoring once assured of safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following technologies is NOT mentioned in the context of data gathering?

    <p>Television broadcast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of privacy rights as stated in the conclusion?

    <p>Privacy is a prudential right.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage of modern life is mentioned regarding privacy?

    <p>Most people live alone more than before.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a method mentioned for establishing one’s reputation?

    <p>Taking a lie detector test.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence arises from monitoring nannies according to the rule utilitarian evaluation?

    <p>Higher turnover of nannies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to social contract theory, what does the nanny reasonably expect?

    <p>Her interactions with the child to be private.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What observation is made about the societal effects of everyone monitoring their nannies?

    <p>It would not remain a secret for long.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential benefit is noted from monitoring nannies?

    <p>Improved peace of mind for parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a drawback of monitoring identified in the content?

    <p>Reduced quality of care could occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical concern arises from the Sullivans' decision to monitor the nanny?

    <p>It violates the nanny's expectation of privacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary themes discussed in relation to privacy in this content?

    <p>The conflict between the right to privacy and societal needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the content suggest that privacy violations affect human dignity?

    <p>They are seen as affronts to human dignity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can excessive individual privacy potentially harm, according to the content?

    <p>Societal structures and community engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is a consequence of information technology on privacy?

    <p>It facilitates easier access to information about individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'zone of inaccessibility' refer to in the context of privacy?

    <p>The boundary one must respect to maintain privacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated as a potential consequence of privacy according to the content?

    <p>It can enable dysfunctional family dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the implications of data mining discussed in relation to privacy?

    <p>It creates detailed profiles that can be exploited for targeted marketing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of credit bureaus?

    <p>They sell information about individuals' financial histories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of targeted direct mail is exemplified through consumer data analysis?

    <p>Data brokers create mailing lists based on consumer behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which way do political campaigns utilize microtargeting?

    <p>To identify likely voter support for specific candidates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way banks obtain data to determine an individual's creditworthiness?

    <p>Collecting social media data along with credit reports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which setting is NOT typically adjustable in Facebook's privacy controls?

    <p>Who can follow your public posts?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic do the Sullivans exhibit by choosing a nanny out of concern for their daughter?

    <p>Concern for well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the proposed rule about monitoring employees considered wrong?

    <p>It is self-defeating if universalized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information is categorized as public records?

    <p>Birth certificates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reason Sullivans might be expected to cease monitoring the nanny?

    <p>Once assured of her competence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How have computerized databases impacted public records?

    <p>Simplified access for the public.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of data can be collected through loyalty cards?

    <p>Credit card purchases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical dilemma does monitoring a nanny pose according to the evaluations discussed?

    <p>It undermines trust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of having no expectation of privacy in a workplace if employees are monitored?

    <p>It makes monitoring ineffective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could be considered personal data held by private organizations?

    <p>Loyalty card purchases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method does Google use to limit the collection of personal information about users?

    <p>Privacy Checkup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT collected by Google when tracking user activities?

    <p>Shopping history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of collaborative filtering in data mining?

    <p>To predict individual preferences based on group data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach requires explicit consumer permission before sharing information?

    <p>Opt-in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Target identify customers who were likely in their second trimester of pregnancy?

    <p>By analyzing purchase patterns of specific items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an implicit method in collaborative filtering?

    <p>Tracking purchase behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the opt-out approach for consumer information sharing?

    <p>Consumers must take action to prevent sharing of their information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of items did Target's marketing strategy feature in mailings to pregnant women?

    <p>Diapers and baby-related products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of the opt-in strategy for organizations?

    <p>Limited access to user data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of shopping behavior changes significantly for new parents according to the content?

    <p>Malleable shopping habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary purpose does the implanted microchip serve for domesticated dogs in Taiwan?

    <p>To allow lost dogs to be returned to their owners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information can RFID tags in humans be used to store?

    <p>Medical information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which service is not provided by OnStar communication systems?

    <p>Remote control of vehicle speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is maintained by modern automobile 'black boxes'?

    <p>Speed of the car and brake pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of electronic medical records over paper-based systems?

    <p>They allow quicker and cheaper sharing of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of data do mobile apps collect that raises privacy concerns?

    <p>Geolocation data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using Facebook Login, what type of personal information can an app developer access?

    <p>User's email address and friends list</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What company specializes in analyzing data collected from mobile apps?

    <p>Flurry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of using electronic medical records?

    <p>Greater control of data dissemination is required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does OnStar’s automatic communication feature do?

    <p>Contacts emergency services when airbags deploy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter 5: Information Privacy

    • Information technology has significantly improved the collection, exchange, and distribution of information

    • Getting information about others, including strangers, is easier than ever

    • Privacy is related to the idea of access: physical proximity and knowledge about a person

    • Privacy is seen as a "zone of inaccessibility" and respecting human dignity

    • Excessive privacy can sometimes be harmful to society

    • Privacy can be a cover for illegal activities

    • Privacy can hinder family dynamics and ignore societal issues

    • Privacy is also essential for individual growth, personal responsibility, and freedom. It enables creativity and personal development

    • Privacy allows individuals to focus on personal aspects without exterior pressures.

    • Privacy helps form trusting and intimate relationships

    • A right to privacy may stem from the right to property

    • The home is traditionally viewed as a sanctuary in many European cultures

    • The Third Amendment to the US Constitution protects the right to privacy in one's home from government interference

    • Warren and Brandeis argued that a person has the "right to be let alone" – a right to privacy.

    • People violate privacy in the search for information which may be problematic.

    • Defining privacy as "the right to be let alone" presents issues(the definition is too narrow and too broad, including covert spying and assault)

    • Privacy might not be a natural right but is a reasonable one that benefits society

    • Modern life is actually more private.

    • Establishing reputations is done via things like driver's licenses, IDs, or degrees, reducing personal privacy.

    • The case study with the new parents example shows that monitoring a nanny secretly violates her privacy.

    • A rule utilitarian evaluation shows that monitoring a nanny violates their privacy and the consequences (like less-experienced nannies) outweigh any benefits

    • Public records (government agency reported) include birth certificates, licenses, vehicle documents, criminal records, deeds

    • Private organization info includes credit card purchases, loyalty card activities, social media posts

    • Technology like Facebook tags, enhanced 911 services, Rewards programs, Body scanners, RFID tags, implanted chips, mobile apps, Facebook Login, OnStar, automobile "black boxes," medical records, Digital video recorders, and Cookies are ways information is collected

    • GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) requires companies to disclose the info they are collecting, why they are collecting it and consent before collecting.

    • Information Collected is often used to create user profiles and allow companies to provide personalized service. This includes Google searches and Web pages visited which can be secondarily used for inferences

    • Data mining involves searching databases for patterns, creating individualized profiles, and building customer relationships. Techniques include Collaborative Filtering

    • "Target" used data mining about pregnant women to try to target specific customers (baby supplies, etc)

    • Credit reports are another example of how personal info is collected and used as a commodity.

    • Targeted direct mail utilizes consumer data/info to create targeted marketing and ads to promote products and services.

    • Microtargeting is used to determine voters that are more likely to support certain political candidates

    • Social network analysis collects info from social media to inform decisions, such as marketing strategies and police deployment.

    • Facebook settings, privacy settings, location history, and ads-based on info help control info shared on Facebook

    • The Netflix Prize, AOL Search Dataset, and problematic examples demonstrate how information is used and the need for privacy

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    Ethics for the Information Age, Chapter 5 - Information Privacy

    Description

    Explore the concept of information privacy in Chapter 5, focusing on its implications for individual dignity, societal balance, and personal development. This chapter discusses both the positive and negative aspects of privacy, emphasizing its importance in establishing trust and fostering creativity amidst the challenges posed by technology.

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