Chapter 40.2: Plant Flowering Pathways

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What is the primary cue that triggers flowering in the light-dependent pathway?

Changes in temperature

Changes in water availability

Changes in gibberellin levels

Changes in the proportion of light to dark (correct)

Which type of plants flower when daylight becomes shorter than a critical length?

Short-day plants (correct)

Obligate plants

Long-day plants

Day-neutral plants

What is the term for the process of requiring a period of chilling before flowering?

Vernalization (correct)

Photoperiodism

Floralization

Gibberellinism

Which pathway is linked to cold and requires a period of chilling before flowering?

Temperature-dependent pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of decreased levels of gibberellins on flowering in some species?

Flowering is delayed Signup and view all the answers

Why do plants use light as a cue to flower?

To ensure flowering occurs when abiotic conditions are optimal Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of manipulating photoperiod in greenhouses?

To ensure flowering in poinsettias occurs in time for the winter holidays Signup and view all the answers

What is the direct effect of gibberellin on the LFY gene?

It increases the gene expression Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the Autonomous Pathway?

It does not depend on external cues except for basic nutrition Signup and view all the answers

How do floral meristem identity genes regulate flower development?

They activate floral organ identity genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a Class A gene mutation?

Aberrant sepals develop Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ABC model in flower development?

It determines the identity of floral organs Signup and view all the answers

How can the determination of flowering be tested?

By changing the environment and ascertaining whether developmental fate has changed Signup and view all the answers

What is the balance that regulates when flowering occurs?

Between floral promoting and inhibiting signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the light-dependent pathway?

To regulate flowering based on day length Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of facultative long—or short-day plants?

Their flowering is affected by day length, but not absolutely Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of decreased gibberellin levels on flowering?

It delays flowering Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the temperature-dependent pathway?

To induce flowering after a period of chilling Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using light as a cue for flowering?

To ensure flowering during optimal abiotic conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of obligate long—or short-day plants?

They have an absolute photoperiodic requirement Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the light-dependent pathway and the temperature-dependent pathway?

One responds to day length, and the other responds to temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which gibberellin promotes flowering?

By binding to the promoter of the LFY gene Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a mutation in Class A genes during flower development?

Aberrant sepals or petals form Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of floral meristem identity genes in flower development?

They activate floral organ identity genes Signup and view all the answers

How does the balance between floral promoting and inhibiting signals affect flowering?

It regulates the timing of flowering Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the Autonomous Pathway that distinguishes it from other pathways?

It does not depend on external cues except for basic nutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of disrupting the balance between floral promoting and inhibiting signals?

Aberrant floral organs form Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the LFY gene and flowering?

The LFY gene promotes flowering Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the photoperiodic requirement in plants?

To ensure flowering occurs when abiotic conditions are optimal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of day-neutral plants?

Flowering occurs when mature regardless of day length Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of reduced gibberellin levels in some plant species?

Flowering occurs more slowly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between obligate and facultative long—or short-day plants?

The sharpness of the distinction between short and long nights Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of the temperature-dependent pathway?

It allows plants to adapt to cold temperatures Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which plants regulate flowering in response to day length?

Changes in the proportion of light to dark Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of vernalization on flowering?

It delays flowering in response to cold temperatures Signup and view all the answers

What is the direct consequence of gibberellin binding to the promoter of the LFY gene?

Increased expression of the LFY gene Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of floral meristem identity genes in the ABC model?

Activating floral organ identity genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a mutation in Class B genes during flower development?

Aberrant stamen development Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the Autonomous Pathway?

Independence from external cues except for basic nutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of disrupting the balance between floral promoting and inhibiting signals?

Flowering is delayed Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the LFY gene and flowering?

The LFY gene induces flowering Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of manipulating the environment to test the determination of flowering?

Developmental fate changes Signup and view all the answers

Chapter 40.2: Plant Flowering Pathways

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cue that triggers flowering in the light-dependent pathway?

Which type of plants flower when daylight becomes shorter than a critical length?

What is the term for the process of requiring a period of chilling before flowering?

Which pathway is linked to cold and requires a period of chilling before flowering?

What is the effect of decreased levels of gibberellins on flowering in some species?

Why do plants use light as a cue to flower?

What is the purpose of manipulating photoperiod in greenhouses?

What is the direct effect of gibberellin on the LFY gene?

What is the primary characteristic of the Autonomous Pathway?

How do floral meristem identity genes regulate flower development?

What is the result of a Class A gene mutation?

What is the role of the ABC model in flower development?

How can the determination of flowering be tested?

What is the balance that regulates when flowering occurs?

What is the primary function of the light-dependent pathway?

What is the characteristic of facultative long—or short-day plants?

What is the effect of decreased gibberellin levels on flowering?

What is the purpose of the temperature-dependent pathway?

What is the advantage of using light as a cue for flowering?

What is the characteristic of obligate long—or short-day plants?

What is the primary difference between the light-dependent pathway and the temperature-dependent pathway?

What is the primary mechanism by which gibberellin promotes flowering?

What is the consequence of a mutation in Class A genes during flower development?

What is the role of floral meristem identity genes in flower development?

How does the balance between floral promoting and inhibiting signals affect flowering?

What is the characteristic of the Autonomous Pathway that distinguishes it from other pathways?

What is the consequence of disrupting the balance between floral promoting and inhibiting signals?

What is the relationship between the LFY gene and flowering?

What is the primary function of the photoperiodic requirement in plants?

What is the primary characteristic of day-neutral plants?

What is the outcome of reduced gibberellin levels in some plant species?

What is the primary difference between obligate and facultative long—or short-day plants?

What is the primary advantage of the temperature-dependent pathway?

What is the primary mechanism by which plants regulate flowering in response to day length?

What is the primary effect of vernalization on flowering?

What is the direct consequence of gibberellin binding to the promoter of the LFY gene?

What is the role of floral meristem identity genes in the ABC model?

What is the effect of a mutation in Class B genes during flower development?

What is the primary characteristic of the Autonomous Pathway?

What is the consequence of disrupting the balance between floral promoting and inhibiting signals?

What is the relationship between the LFY gene and flowering?

What is the outcome of manipulating the environment to test the determination of flowering?

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