30 Questions
Which hormone regulates the circadian rhythms and is released in the dark?
Melatonin
What is the function of prolactin in birds?
Stimulates growth of crop sac
Which hormone helps regulate endocrine glands such as thyroid stimulating hormone and growth hormones?
Prolactin
Where is melatonin produced in the body?
Pineal gland
What is the function of crop milk in birds?
Feeding young birds
How does light affect the release of melatonin?
Inhibits its release
What physiological changes do Siberian hamsters undergo in winter?
They are white and do not reproduce
What is the function of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) secreted by the anterior pituitary?
Cause the follicles to produce thyroxine (T4)
What hormone does the thyroid gland produce to lower the concentration of calcium in the blood?
Calcitonin
What can result in an enlarged thyroid gland known as goiter?
Excessive production of thyroxine
What is a common cause of hypothyroidism?
Low TSH levels
What key functions do thyroxine (T4) and T3 play in the body?
Regulate body temperature and heart rate
What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?
Release Ca++ into the blood
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What is the role of calcitonin in regulating blood calcium levels?
Blocks osteoclasts
Where are the parathyroid glands located in the human body?
In the neck near the thyroid
Which of the following hormones is responsible for reducing blood glucose levels?
Insulin
What is the primary cause of Type I diabetes mellitus?
eta cells destroyed by autoimmune response
Which gland in the brain controls the endocrine system?
Hypothalamus
What is the main function of the posterior pituitary gland?
To store and release hormones produced in the hypothalamus
What is the main function of oxytocin?
To stimulate uterine contractions and milk production
What is the main function of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)?
To regulate water balance in the body
Where is oxytocin produced and released from?
Hypothalamus and posterior pituitary
Which hormone is responsible for reducing urine production?
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
Which hormones are released in response to stress?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
What is the primary function of the hormones released during the 'fight-or-flight' response?
To prepare the body for physical action
Which organ breaks down glycogen to provide glucose during the 'fight-or-flight' response?
Liver
What is the role of the placenta during pregnancy?
To release gonadotropin hormones
Which of the following is NOT a function of the sex hormones (estrogen, testosterone, progesterone)?
Regulation of blood sugar
How do the hormones released during the 'fight-or-flight' response affect the body?
They increase heart rate and dilate blood vessels.
Test your knowledge on the role of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in the endocrine system. Learn about how the hypothalamus controls various functions like mood, hunger, and sleep, while regulating hormone release in the body.
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