Chapter 4: Consumer Behaviour
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of decision heuristics in consumer behavior?

  • To confuse consumers in their choices.
  • To eliminate the need for brand recognition.
  • To evaluate all possible options equally.
  • To simplify the decision-making process. (correct)

What method is used when an evaluation rule does not allow for trade-offs among attributes in the decision-making process?

  • Rational decision rule
  • Non-compensatory decision rule (correct)
  • Compensatory decision rule
  • Heuristic decision rule

What typically occurs in the purchase decision step?

  • Consumers are undecided about their choices.
  • Customers are finally ready to buy. (correct)
  • Customers consider other brands at this stage.
  • Purchase decisions are made without analysis.

Which of the following factors can lead to an increase in conversion rates?

<p>Having plenty of stock on hand. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of risk involves potential losses related to financial expenditures when making a purchase decision?

<p>Financial risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a potential outcome of the postpurchase stage for consumers?

<p>Cognitive dissonance after the purchase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the alternative evaluation process, what is meant by 'determinant attributes'?

<p>Characteristics that differentiate options for consumers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does customer loyalty typically manifest in consumer behavior?

<p>Repeat purchases from the same brand over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a consumer with an internal locus of control behave in terms of search activities?

<p>Engages in more extensive search activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which store is part of the retrieval set for women searching for business apparel based on the provided content?

<p>Macy's (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What negative effect can undesirable consumer behavior have on a brand?

<p>Damage from negative word-of-mouth and rumors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of noncompensatory decision rules?

<p>Evaluating all attributes across options. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the compensatory decision rule?

<p>It weighs positive and negative attributes against each other. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of buying decision is typically associated with purchasing fashion apparel?

<p>Extended Problem Solving (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is not considered when evaluating consumer buying decisions?

<p>Time of Day (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of evaluation is often used when making decisions about grocery shopping?

<p>Limited Problem Solving (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does culture primarily influence consumer behavior?

<p>Through shared meanings and values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What situational factor might change when buying a gift versus buying for oneself?

<p>Purchase Context (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes impulse buying?

<p>A spontaneous purchase without prior planning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation exemplifies limited problem solving?

<p>Selecting a snack during a grocery run (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of postpurchase behavior is most likely affected by cultural influences?

<p>Satisfaction and loyalty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of buying decision involves minimal thought after a product is often purchased?

<p>Habitual Decision Making (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do family members typically play in consumer buying decisions?

<p>They provide information and can influence choices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological factor reflects a consumer's long-lasting evaluation towards an idea or product?

<p>Attitude (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors primarily shapes a consumer’s perception according to their upbringing?

<p>Cultural influences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological factor is affected by social experiences and can impact both attitudes and perceptions?

<p>Learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can reference groups contribute to consumer behavior?

<p>They provide rewards, information, and influence self-image. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the purchase decision process, which step involves assessing alternatives?

<p>Evaluation of alternatives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of needs does Subway address in its advertising by promoting healthy eating options?

<p>Physiological needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of evaluation can influence a consumer's purchase decision when considering different brands?

<p>Alternative evaluation methods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of family influence on buying decisions, which statement is true?

<p>All family members can act as influencers and decision makers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of psychological factor relates to how a consumer interprets marketing messages and product information?

<p>Perception (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the consumer buying decision process?

<p>Need Recognition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which step of the consumer decision process do consumers evaluate different products or services?

<p>Alternative Evaluation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily influences how much time a consumer spends searching for information?

<p>Perceived Benefit vs. Perceived Costs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of needs does the purchase of functional products typically satisfy?

<p>Functional Needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Postpurchase behavior can be influenced by which of the following factors?

<p>Previous Buying Experience (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences the level of involvement in the buying decision process?

<p>The price of the product (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological factor can significantly affect consumer buying behavior?

<p>Personal Preferences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of internal search for information?

<p>Recalling past experiences with a product (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does feedback play in consumer behavior?

<p>It helps improve product offerings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT typically affect the actual or perceived risk in a consumer's buying process?

<p>Product Availability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Culture Influences Consumer Behavior

Shared beliefs, morals, and customs significantly impact how people buy things.

Situational Factors

Circumstances like the purpose of a purchase (gift vs. self) affect what and where you buy.

Extended Problem Solving

Buying something important, like a car, requires a lot of research and consideration.

Limited Problem Solving

Everyday purchases, like groceries, don't need much thought.

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Impulse Buying

Buying something on a whim, without much planning.

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Habitual Decision Making

Repeated purchases of everyday items, done routinely.

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Halal Meats

Meat products that meet Islamic dietary laws.

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Consumer Culture

The shared beliefs and practices of a group of consumers.

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Buying Decisions

Steps people take before making a purchase -- from research to the final buy.

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Temporal State

The mood or feelings you're in when making a purchase.

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Compensatory Decision Rules

Consumers weigh the pros and cons of different options and choose the one that best meets their needs, even if one option is better than another on some attributes.

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Decision Heuristics

Mental shortcuts used by consumers to simplify the decision-making process; often based on price, brand, or product presentation.

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Purchase Decision

The point where a customer is ready to buy a product or service.

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Conversion Rate

The percentage of potential customers who complete a purchase.

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Postpurchase Outcomes

The reactions, feelings, and judgments consumers have after buying a product or service. This can be positive, negative, or mixed.

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Customer Loyalty

Repeated purchases from the same brand or company.

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Negative Word-of-Mouth

Negative comments or feedback that customers share about a product or company.

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Abandoned Carts

Online shopping carts that customers leave without completing a purchase.

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Consumer buying decision process

A series of steps consumers take when deciding to purchase a product or service.

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Information search

The process of seeking information about a product or service before a purchase.

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Internal search

Using past experiences and knowledge to find information about a product.

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External search

Looking for information from outside sources, like reviews or ads.

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Perceived benefit vs. cost

Weighing up the potential advantages of a purchase against the time and effort put into researching it .

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Need recognition

The initial step in the buying process, realizing a need for something.

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Functional needs

Needs concerning the product's practical or functional qualities like ease of use.

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Psychological needs

Needs connected to personal desires and feelings (e.g., status or feeling good).

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Factors affecting search process

Elements that determine how extensively consumers search for information (e.g., perceived risk, benefit/cost).

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Locus of control

Consumers' sense of responsibility for their choices and outcomes.

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Internal Locus of Control

Belief that one's actions affect outcomes.

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External Locus of Control

Belief that fate or external factors control outcomes.

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Consumer Search Process

Steps consumers take to gather information before making a purchase.

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Evaluative Criteria

Attributes used to compare and evaluate alternatives.

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Determinant Attributes

Most important criteria in consumer decision-making.

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Psychological Factors

Mental aspects influencing buying decisions, like motives, attitudes, perceptions, and learning.

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Attitude

Evaluation of an object or idea; learned, lasting, but can change.

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Perception

How you view the world, shaped by culture and upbringing.

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Learning

Influences attitudes and perceptions, learned through experience.

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Social Factors (Family)

Family members influence buying decisions as decision-makers and influencers.

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Reference Groups

Groups (family, friends, co-workers) providing information, rewards, and shaping self-image.

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Entrepreneurial Marketing

Innovative marketing strategies to attract and retain customers.

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Consumer Buying Decisions

Factors influencing how customers make purchasing choices.

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Motive

Emotional or rational reasons behind a purchase decision.

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Study Notes

Chapter 4: Consumer Behaviour

  • Consumer behaviour drives marketing strategies, focusing on consumer needs.
  • Businesses must understand consumer needs and learn from customers.
  • Feedback improves marketing strategies.
  • Learning Objectives (LO1-LO4):
    • LO1: Describes the steps in the consumer buying decision process.
    • LO2: Identifies factors determining the amount of time consumers spend researching a product or service before purchasing.
    • LO3: Summarizes how psychological, social, and situational factors influence consumer buying behaviour.
    • LO4: Explains how involvement influences the consumer buying decision process.

The Consumer Decision Process

  • The consumer decision process involves five key stages:
    • Need Recognition: Recognising a need or want. This includes both functional needs (e.g., performance of a product), and psychological needs (e.g., social status of a product).
    • Information Search: Internal and external search for information about available options.
    • Alternative Evaluation: Evaluating criteria of products and their attributes.
    • Purchase Decision: Readiness of the customer to purchase. Strategies for increased conversion rates, reducing abandoned virtual carts, and maximizing efficiency during checkout processes are involved.
    • Postpurchase: Three potential outcomes: customer satisfaction, postpurchase dissonance, and customer loyalty.

Factors Affecting Consumers' Search Processes

  • Perceived benefit vs. perceived cost: Is the search worth the time and effort?
  • Actual or perceived risk: How much risk is perceived in the purchase?
  • Locus of control: Consumers' belief in their ability to control outcomes. Internal locus of control = more search; External locus of control = less search.

Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Decisions

  • Psychological factors
    • Motives (e.g., Maslow's hierarchy of needs)
    • Attitudes: Evaluation of an object or idea
    • Perceptions: Understanding based on culture
    • Learning: Attitudes and perceptions are affected by social experiences
  • Social factors
    • Family: Decision makers and influencers
    • Reference groups: Groups to whom the consumer relates and seeks inspiration
    • Culture: Shared views and beliefs influencing behavior.
  • Situational factors
    • Purchase situation, Shopping situation, Temporal state

Involvement & Consumer Buying Decisions

  • High involvement: Leads to greater attention and more in-depth processing of information. Strong purchase intentions.
  • Low involvement: Leads to less attention & peripheral processing. Weak attitudes & more use of cues.

Types of Buying Decisions

  • Extended problem solving: Extensive research and purchase decisions involving significant risk.
  • Limited problem solving: Moderate research and purchase decisions.
  • Impulse buying: Immediate, unplanned purchase.
  • Habitual decision making: Purchase with little or no research and with habitual purchasing patterns.

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Description

Explore the intricacies of consumer behaviour in this quiz based on Chapter 4. Understand the consumer decision process, including the stages from need recognition to information search. This quiz will help you grasp the psychological, social, and situational factors that influence purchasing decisions.

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